Digital facsimile and transcription of manuscript Jarring Prov. 351

The actual Handbook begins on this page, with an invocation of the planets, Persian terms.

Bile's bitterness is expressed metaphorically as "venom head" زهر سر. Cf. Prov. 24, in place of زهر سر, the term صفرا 'bile' appears immediately after آلتی دماغ.

Here, the author introduces the four humors, which figure in the diagnoses in the rest of the work.

Scribal variations: S3: Mercury زهره written as زهر here. 2. تبابع misspells طبابع.

Scribal shortcuts: S4: ک for گ / r : گرده was written as کرده

S4: دماغ per. 'the brains; the palate; the nose; pride, consequential airs; wish, desire' (Steingass 1892/1998: 1998: 534)

Galen: Claudius Galenus, Roman physician, b. 130 CE in Pergamum, on Aegean coast in Asia Minor (modern Turkey) The substance turnajabin 'manna' appears repeatedly in this and other Eurasian healing manuscripts. (tar-angubīn 'Manna' Steingass 1892/1998:: 297, < 'wet honey'), i.e. camel-thorn (Alhagi persarum) extract [AD]; "Persian Manna is the most economically important manna in Iran which is collected mainly in Iran and Transoxiana. It is exudates from stems and leaves of camel's thorn (Alhagi persarum Boiss. & Bush.), probably by action of an insect. It forms sweet, semisolid resinous tears on the shrubs. Persian manna has different uses in Persian traditional medicine, ethnomedicine and sweetmeats. Among the various effects attributed to Persian manna, laxative and cholagogue properties are more prominent than the others. On the basis of indications and contraindication described in old writings, it is used as an immunostimulant agent. Phytochemical profile of this manna shows some controversies between studies that are discussed briefly." (abstract from Ramezany, Farid, Narges Kiyani, and Masoumeh Khademizadeh. "Persian Manna in the Past and the Present: An Overview." American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 1.3 (2013):35-37. Online: http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajps/1/3/1/ [AA/AD]

Glosses needed: ilik titrmak (ایلک تیترماک); cf. also alucha 'drupelet'

AD: probably شقیقة shaqīqat 'fissure; side of the head, temple' (Steingass 1892/1998::751)

Scribal variants: s7: گشنیز 'coriander' was written as کشنیش ; Cf. کشنیز, Prov. 24.

S5: دانک dānak per. 'a small grain, the fourth part of a dram' (Steingass 1892/1998: 1998: 501) Cf.دامک Prov. 24, 11r, s8

Glosses needed: ogre pain?? ilik???, moyne tayifa#

Glosses: s4: معده 'stomach ailments' cf. بلغم, Prov. 24, 11v, s3. muj 'bl.pepper' usually muc.

Glosses needed: qunduz qehre (cf. qunduz 'beaver' Jarring 1964: 256), sunbul, ?); asgha qhol badam, sosase; susasta

Glosses needed: conditions: andaq seyhan sisghan

Glosses: s3: قرازاک 'shoemaker's black, ferrous sulphate' (Károly 2015: 299) https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Iron_II__sulfate_heptahydrate

S4: yel یل 'wind, air' is a Galenic concept from Greek via Persian medicine, [Persian bad 'wind']. In Chaghatay-Turki medicine it has a range of senses, including 'tympanitis, flatulence; rheumatism; rheumatic; cramp; disease' (Károly 2015: 341). Cf. also ff. 23, 31, 40, 44.

S12: ناصور nāṣūr, an old wound; a callosity (Steingass 1892/1998: 1374). Cf. Prov. 24, 17v, s3.

Glosses needed: substances: S7: shefshaq baqmush 'a kind of reed,' S10: shirning balasi

Scribal variation: s8: کشنیش (see f. 7). Glosses: s9: ورم waram (v.n.), Swelling, a tumour, swelling, imposthume; (in P.) an inflammation (Steingass 1892/1998: 1464). S12: یاسموق yasimuk (or yasmuk?) ‘lentil, Evra lens’ (Clauson 1972: 975). lentil (Lens culinaris). Cf. f. 17, f. 22 Cf. Prov. 24, 13v instead of lentil oil, pear seed oil (آرموت اوروغی نینک یاغی) was prescribed for ear problems. S14: قارّت qart Tkc. 'wound, sore; ulcer; scrofula' (Károly 2015: 299).

Glosses: s3: اولای The snowcocks are a group of bird species in the genus Tetraogallus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. They are ground-nesting birds that breed in the mountain ranges of southern Eurasia from the Caucasus to the Himalayas and western China. Wikipedia

S7: مجرب mujarrab, Expert, skilled, versed, experienced; proved, examined (as medicine), tested, assayed (as coin);--mujarrib, A trier, prover, experimenter, assayer (Steingass 1892: 1176).

mujarrab A 'proven effective, examined' (Károly 2015: 285)

S3: قفاق gourd (Yulghun dict).

S10: فصاحت presumably from فصاد fiṣād A فصاد fiṣād (v.n. of فصد), Breathing a vein, bleeding; venesection (Steingass 1892/1998). Cf. also فصاحت پرداز faṣāḥat-pardāz : (Steingass 1892/1998: page 930); faṣāḥat (v.n. of فصح), Employing elegant, perspicuous language; eloquence. فصاحت پرداز faṣāḥat-pardāz; a فصاحت پرداز faṣāḥat-pardāz, Eloquent.)

S11: زاک 'iron-sulfate' (Jarring 1964:333).

Glosses: s1: توغراغو gum from the balsam-poplar (Populus balsamifera) used as leavening agent in some baking (Jarring 1964: 309)

S1: ساغروغو sag(i)raq T 'deaf' (Károly 2015: 311)

S6: ox juya not! juya 'dwarf' (Károly 2015: 271)

S8: لاچین lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus.

S9: hoopoe (هدهد) (Upupa epops - may not be precise) bird

S14: dram 'dram, apothecary weight, not sure in this context if liquid/solid or what weight. (AD)

Glosses needed: substances: zabodane, kakru seeds, kojkan dung, bihil

Glosses: s1: عود ud (arb.) 'agar wood, lign aloes, Aquilaria agallocha' (Károly 2015: 333); عودی ūdī, Of wood, of aloes-wood (Steingass 1892/1998: p872), a fragrant wood used to make incense.

S9: ترنجه بین turnajabin 'camel thorn manna'}; ترنجبین taranjubīn (for P. tarangubīn), Manna (Steingass 1892: 297). see [manna].

Glosses needed: substances: S1: عود خام

Scribal variations: s6: اوتقاق could be a scribal error for اونوتقاق memory loss.}

Glossary: s1: Galen (see f. 5)

Scribal variations: s6: اشکنجبین might be سکنجبین (Sekanjabin) S7: تالیغ could this be تاتلیغ? Glosses needed: aril; Preparations:  ? 'dough'(as above)

Glosses needed: S11: AJ 'engorged'? ییلبا

S20: قاصره آب (lit. minor water)'urine'

Scribal variants: s3: تیلک might be a scribal error for تولکی 'fox'; Line 10 "If the..." is a repetitive sentence fragment.

Scribal variations: s6 یرون is likely برون ‘nose’ بارا , bravery ?valiance

Glosses needed: S4 the substance لوشادیر S4: کوجته

S4: yel 'wind, air', cf. f. 10

Glosses needed: shomsha (شومشه), tera tiz (تره تذ), zranger (زرانکر), egar (ایکر), oghri tiken (اوغری تکان), gholjan (غولجان)

کولوس is another possible reading

S1: اهکیک 'mastic' (cf. f. 24, f. 32)

S3: زرنیخ realgar: arsenic sulfide (α-As4S4) A. rahjal-ġār (رهج الغار, "powder of the mine") Wikipedia

S3: توغروغو diversiform-leaved poplar ash (see f. 14).

S5: میده maida, The finest flour; bread of fine flour unmixed with bran; a kind of sweetmeat; [maida kardan, To grind flour; to pulverize;] (Steingass 1892: 1360), cf. "Turki" mɛjdɛ 'soft" P. maida (Jarring 1997-1998 AH); cf. f. 19.

S6: اصحار (diarrhea اسهال?)

S6: کشمر یافورماقی 'Kashmir leaves'

S7: کوکنار P. koknār poppy-head, poppy-seed the poppy seed-vessel" (Jarring 1993 KS) (Papaveraceae)

و دیاده might a scribal error for زیاده

S4: نقرس gout

S14-15: کرم karm 'water plant', Any species of plant growing by the water-side

S16: fehwada (فحواده) ginger

Glosses needed: S7: قرا سورنا قان S9: و رام که, S10: اسری زخمتکا '?'

A version of the tale of the Qur'ānic sage Luqmān لقمان‎‎ (surāh 31) begins here and continues on f. 29; here he is portrayed as the originator of herbal medicine.

Glossary: s1: غلظ g̠ẖalz̤, here 'concentrate, concentration'; 'rough, rocky ground; thickness' (Steingass 1892: 892).

S5: خفقان ḵẖafaqān, ḵẖfqān (v.n. of خفق), Palpitating, trembling, waving, floating (flag or the heart); palpitation of the heart (Steingass 1892: 469).

S5: فست could be a scribal shortcut for پست 'low.'

S6: غذایی خاک soil nutrients (FS, pers.comm.)

S11 suf to the public (عام)

Glosses: s1: مولا maulā (for. مولی maulá) 'lord, master; a judge, magistrate of a city; the supreme Lord, God; a slave, servant; a manumitted slave, freedman;--ḥaẓrati' (Steingass 1892/1998: 1347) بار خدایا خداوندا Lord God

صلا حظ needs better translation

The author appears to be unfamiliar with the Persian poem or a vague memory of the poems memorized earlier (comment by Fatemeh Sadraee,2017).

Glosses: S5: باد انگیز bād-angez (wind-exciting), A kind of plant which the Persian peasants hold in their hands when they winnow their corn, supposing it to have the power of raising the wind, especially when they rub it and throw it in the air; saffron.

Glosses needed: خس انکز per. 'kind of saffron ?'

Scribal variant: S10: بینزیر could be بی نظیر 'unlike, unique'