“The munazara-form of poetry is well-known in Arabic and Persian literature and existed already in Akkadian and Sumerian literature.7 The earliest specimen of a munazara from the Turkic area is to be found in Mahmud al-Kashghari's Divan, entitled "The Contest Between Winter and Summer"8 (jaj qïš munazarɛsi).” The task of writing these essays numbering 83 in all was assigned to Muhammad Ali by Gustaf Raquette, in those days active in Kashghar äs a missionary-surgeon. They were intended to be excerpted for his vocabulary of Eastern Turki (Raquette, Eastern Turki Grammar, P. 3 = Vocabulary. For biographichal notes on Raquette v. Jarring, Gustaf Raquette and Qasim Akhun's Letters to Kamil Efendi, p. 5, n.l.), although they evidently came to little use in its final compilation. (...) The texts of the collection are written on yellowish sheets 35 x 22 mm, in size. The paper which originally was unlined has been supplied with pencil-drawn Iines in order to maintain straight Iines of writing. The paper is of Russian origin, some sheets bearing the imprint "No. 5 Лесная Бумага" with an imperial crown between. As indicated in the imprint the paper is a wood paper, no doubt of inferior quality. A fragment of the munazara of the horse and camel is to be found in a collection of Eastern Turki texts made by the Rev. Sigfrid Moen (cf. Jarring, Wörterverzeichnis zu G. Raquettes Ausgabe von Täji bilä Zohra (Lund 1930). Lund 1967, p. 7) which he kindly put at my disposal. This fragment is entitled "The Verse which the Camel Recited" (tu̇ganïŋ oqoɣan bejti) but deals with the poetical performance of both the camel and the horse. The text was written down by Moen from a Khotan Turk, Nur Luke. There are a few words in the text, which belong to the Khotan dialect, viz. tu̇ga for "camel" against the Kashghar forms tögɛ~tövɛ~tivɛ and lota "thigh" against Kashgharian jota~dʓota. Otherwise the language of the two versions A and B is the normal Eastern Turki literary language. The vocabulary of the two versions is not as dominated by Arabic and Persian loan-words as would be expected in a poetical production of this kind. It may indicate that it is a genuine Eastern Turki piece of work and not an adaptation of a Persian original. Also the hoice of words of Turki origin belongs to the ordinary daily life of a people concerned with the trade and possession of horses and camels and often lacks points of contact with the more high-styled literary language. This also may point to its being a genuine Eastern Turki creation. The text of version A was read by me with two well educated teachers of the Kashghar Pedagogical Institute during my visit there in October 1978. I was struck by the fact that many words contained in the text were unknown to them. I take this as an indication that the knowledge of the literary language which we call Chaghatai is slowly disappearing, being replaced by a new literary language, less influenced by Islamic Arabic and Persian word material.”
Author: Muhammed Ali Damollah (for the text Kashgar, Part A); (“The present münazara "The Conversation of the Horse and the Camel" is No. 74 in a collection of texts of ethnological, folkloristic and literary interest written down by one Muhammed Ali Damollah (da Chinese "great, grand", damollah title for a very learned and experïenced Molla; cf. Jarring 1964: 80 da:molla; Raquette on the cover of his collection of texts calls Muhammad Ali doámollah which would mean "prayer-mollah". Phonetically this is possible as dua:~doa: often is contracted to da: (cf. 189 dua:~dua~daa:) but all other evidence points to the Chinese ongin of da; the same Muhammad Ali was engaged by Raquette for copying the tale of "Taji bila Zohra" (cf. Jarring, Wörterverzeichnis zu G. Raquettes Ausgabe von Täji bilä Zohra (Lund 1930). Lund 1967. zu G. Raquettes Ausgabe von Täji bilä Zohra, p. 7).) of Kashghar in the First decade of this Century.” (Jarring 1981) “According to a letter to me from Raquette's wife, Hanna Raquette, dated November 20th, 1961 Muhammed Ali Damollah was a language teacher employed both by the British Consulate General in Kashghar and by the Swedish Mission there, in the latter case also as an adviser on literary matters and style questions in the Eastern Turki publications of the Mission. He was probably born around 1850 and thus about 50-60 years of age when he wrote down his collection of essays.” (Jarring 1981)
Text has ‘stage directions’ of horse and camel as ‘speakers’; date of text is estimated based on statement above.
May want to split into two texts, 1a and 1b. Need to add .tif to file list.
fully edited, followed by offline fixes for stray 'at' and 'tuge', as well as text date.
finalized 1-72.
pixorization
pixorization from 08-13
GC20130828horseandcamel1_8
pos, ilg l. 1_8
edits (also 2013-08-28 to 09-19)
“1 su̇lejma:nï for su̇lejma:n – ï rhyming with hɛjva:nnï; Solomon is believed to have been able to understand the language of the animals, cf. e.g. The Tales of the Prophets of al-Kisa'i, transl. by W. M. Thackston, p. 294.” (Jarring)
*“2 tu̇rfɛ A. Steingass 813 turfat, turfa ... anything new and agreeable, wonderful, rare.” (Jarring)
*“3 ku̇ni qaq is a strange expression. qaq normally means "dry" or "dried fruit", cf. Jarring 1964:238; here it is synonymous with qïjïn "difficult", which would give "on a difficult day". I have chosen the free translation "luckless one" for "dark, gloomy day"; it could possibly be read köni qaq "dry leather", cf. Jarring 1964:177 kön.” (Jarring)
4 ša:nɛ šɛfkɛt - ša:nɛ probably from A. sha'n dignity, power etc. (Steingass 725); cf. Jarring, Wörterverzeichnis zu G. Raquettes Ausgabe von Täji bilä Zohra (Lund 1930). Lund 1967., p. 53 ša'n and the Kashgharian expression šɛn ševkɛt pomp and splendour.” (Jarring)
none
“5 atquččï at- to beat, to strike; a worker who is engaged in cleaning cotton with the help of an atquč (Jarring 1964:29) an instrument in the form of an iron string, fastened to a piece of wood, a cotton-flail. 6 turɣæ is probably (Jarring 1964:316) turæ, title for a Russian, as opposed to sahïb for a Western European, here in a more original meaning "high-ranking official", cf. Nadjip 313 törɛ someone of khan-birth, a prince of the blood; Radloff 111:1250 törä (Osm. Dsch. Uig.) Titel der Chanssöhne, der Prinz; Malov, Uig. narečija, p. 186 törä ruler, official, p. 187 türä prince. Normally this word would be connected with tör seat of honour, Brockelmann, p. 215 tör Ehrenplatz; Drevnetjurkskij slovar' p. 580 tör place of honour, törä do. or, value, importance; Nadjif 313 tör place of honour; cf. further Clauson, p. 528 tö.r, 531 törü:. But the form turɣæ instead of turæ leads me to another connection, to Mong. daruɣa~dorɣa Radloff 111:1629 doruɣa (Osm. Dsch.) l. Der Chef eines Bezirks oder einer Stadt (Jarlyk des Kutluk-Temir). 2. ein Bezirksverwalter (jetzt in Mittelasien); Menges 714 dorɣamong. daruɣa Chef, Kommandant, Bevollmächtigter; Doerfer 1:319 dārūġä Mong.; cf. further Raquette, Eine Kaschgarische Wakf-Urkunde, p. 20 ... dem neuzeitlichen daruɣä oder doroɣä den man stets als offiziellen Bedienten des Distriktsbeg und mit Stellung und Befugnis eines untergeordneten Polizeibeamten Antrifft.” (Jarring)
“7 hɛr kiši lit. everybody.” (Jarring)
“8 ɛlgɛkči with metathesis ɛglɛkči (Jarring 1964:39) ɛglik~ɛlgɛk bolter, flour-sieve; Nadjip 77 ɛglɛk sieve; ɛglɛkči sieve-maker, 79 ɛlgɛk v. ɛglɛk.” (Jarring)
9 qamčï whip; here lash, whiplash.
10 mu ediŋ often contracted to mediŋ.
11 ol nemɛŋ that thing of yours, hinting at the colour of the horse's scrotum, cf. p. 17, n. 7. 12 kömu̇či~kömürči coal-dealer or, coal-miner.
“13 vɛli A. Steingass 1480 walīy, in P. also walī being near, neighbouring; synonymous with mɛsli A. mạṣl alike, resembling.” (Jarring)
*“14 köšɛ evidently a play on words with köšɛ- to ruminate; köšɛ P. gosha (Steingass 1104] means an angle, corner. There may be some specific hidden meaning of köšɛ, but I translate "corner".” (Jarring)
“15 abda:l Jarring 1964:10 abda:l~ɛbda:l Abdal, a tribe of beggars living in different parts of Eastern Turkestan...; Le Coq, Die Abdal (Baessler-Archiv. 2. 1912); Encyclopaedia of Islam, art Abdal.” (Jarring)
“16 dumba:l was described to me as a kind of kaltɛk Jarring 1964:164 kaltak~kaltɛk a stick; Nadjip 453 has dumbalimaq to beat with one's fists, which would presuppose a nomen dumbal "fist" which is non-existent in Nadjip's dictionary; Ujgursko-russkij slovar', p. 62 has dumbalimaq in the meaning to beat, to flog, to whip, without qualification.” (Jarring)
“17 jurɣula- cf. Jarring 1964:161 jurɣæ ambler, ambling.” (Jarring)
teriip 'praise, self-praise' arg (Jarring 1981:21) ~ et- A 44, 48, 49, ~ qil- A 28
“18 Rustam, v. Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. 1968, pass.” (Jarring)
“19 taqquturuq an enigmatic word, in the ms. written where one normally would have expected قّ instead of قق. My Informant in Kashghar understood it the modemized Arabie script, pronounced tɛqïquruq and with the same meaning as qïja:fɛ appearance (Steingass 997 A. P. qiyāfa appearance etc.). In the Russko-ujgurskij slovar (Moskva 1956) p. 114 we have tašqï körünüš appearance and the same in Nadjip, p. 276. This is; an understandable and logical form, but taqquturuq~ tɛqïquruq?” | “20 sa:m vɛ nari:ma:n Steingass 1396 natīm, narīmān name of a famous hero of Persia, son of Qahramān, father of Sām, grandfather of Zāl, and great-grandfather of Rustam:all Champions in the ancient Persian histories, poems, and romances.” (Jarring)
“21 tivɛ alternating with tögɛ~tu̇gɛ~tu̇ga.” | “22 uštur P., Steingass 63 ushtur, 733 A. shutur camel.” (Jarring)
“23 mɛstu:r Steingass 1235 A. mastūr covered, concealed etc.” (Jarring)
“24 Jarring 1964:I62 ju̇rkɛn-~ju̇ku̇n- to kneel, to go down on one's knees.” | “25 du̇ka:n qur- lit. to open a shop, a euphemism for "to copulate", cf. p. 16, n. 2.” (Jarring)
mükchéi-t- 'bend' < mükché et- ? (Jarring 1981:21)
none
“26 dʓuvan Jarring 1964:97 dʓuva n~ dʓɯvan P. a woman who is thirty or more.” | “27 nɛza.rɛ with the samé meaning as nɛzr Steingass 1410 A. naẓr looking at, gazing upon, and 1409 A. naẓāra a walking and looking about.” (Jarring)
“28 because of the camel's size.” (Jarring)
“29 haŋ Jarring 1964:114 naŋ in h. baq- to be absent-minded, with further references; Nadjip 753 haŋvaq- to gape.” (Jarring)
none
*“30 dokkɛ a growth, protuberance or bump on the forehead, also according to Moen a sprout on a tree stump, but then written doqqæ; cf. further Nadjip 448 doqa oblong head.” (Jarring)
“31 ča:k Steingass 386 p. chāk fissure, rupture, cleft, crack.” (Jarring)
“32 jantaq Jarring 1964:148 jantaq camel-thorn, thorn; Shaw 11:226 yántáq the Camel Plant, Alhagi maurorum.” (Jarring)
“33 topraq lit. dust, earth, soil; here "habitat".” (Jarring)
“34 ča:vɛda:r here written ča:bɛda:r camel-driver, cameleer; cf. Jarring 1964:67 čavada:r P. dʓalauda:r groom; Nadjip 382 has čarva P. cattle and čarviči cattle-breeder; čarva is evidently a contraction of P. čaha:rpa: quadruped; it is possible that čavada:rčaha:rpa:da:r with the semantic difference cattle-driver> camel-driver.” (Jarring)
“35 čaruq Jarring 1964:67 čaruq ~ čoroq ~ čojoq a light boot to be fixed round the ankle-joint with a string - here called baɣ.” (Jarring)
“36 čaɣïdæ.” (Jarring)
“37 zɛmbɛl a litter consisting of a mat of plaited twigs (čïvïq) which is fastened to two parallel poles. It is used for carrying e.g. earth, clay or mortar P. Steingass 623 zambar (zanbar). vessel in which they carry earth or clay: zambal (zanbal) a leather basket in which dirt or rubbish is removed; Nadjip 474 zɛmbil a plaited basket.” (Jarring)
“38 ka:dʓlïq P. ka:dʓ obstinate + T. -lïq obstinacy. 39 an allusion to the camel's strange way of urinating.” (Jarring)
“40 i.e. the camel is not ranged among ma:l cattle which the horse evidently considers to be special, fine category of animals.” (Jarring)
“41 bɛdmuqam probably A. muqa:m a musical tone, i.e. 'bad in music', unmusical, alluding to the camel's ugly cry.” | “42 sïfɛt A. Steingass 788 ṣifat description, quality, at tribute, mode, manner.” (Jarring)
xada P. 'pole' (Jarring 1981:20)
*“43 bɛsi ïɣïr (æɣïr) = bɛk æɣïr very heavy; bɛsi P. Steingass 184 bas very much etc. ...” (Jarring)
*“44 jïɣïr wound, especially on the back of pack-animals; Nadjip 798 jeɣir scratch, ulcer, sore places on the horse's back which are covered by wounds; Brockelmann 72 jaɣyr Wund Stellen auf dem Rücken eines Tieres.” (Jarring)
“45 bizlɛr pluralis majestatis for mɛnni, i.e. the horse.” (Jarring)
*“46 tarat- usually tarqat- Jarring 1964:296 to disperse, to scatter; probably tar'atqan for the sake of rhyme with jat’atqan.” | “47 beg Jarring 1964:52 a native official, appointed by the Chinese local authorities ..., here it stands for high ranking official in general.” (Jarring)
feqïr, miskin (arb) gedaa (per)
“48 arɣumaq, written arɣïmaq (Jarring 1964:26) arɣamaq~aɣmaq a special kind of horse; cf. Le Cox Sprichwörter und Lieder, p. 81 āɣmaq (für arɣumāq) grosses Pferd (aus Badakhshan oder vo den Turkmenen).” (Jarring) | diyaar (arb)
“49 duldul Hughes, Dictionary of Islam, p. 101 The name of the Prophet's mule which he gave to 'Alī; here the horse considers himself to be the duldul, which corresponds to the popular belief of its being a horse, not a mule.” | “50 murteza: A. Steingass 1209 murtaẓá a title of ’Alī.” (Jarring)
merkeb (arb), ghunche (per) | maanand cf. per mandan 'to remain' (Jarring 1982:20)
Section Title
“1 særïɣ jaɣ cf: Nadjip 774 seriq jaɣ boiled butter.” (Jarring)
paara 'piece' per, paara qïl- 'break into pieces', cf. paare 'piece' per, paare qïl- 'tear into pieces' also in this text (Jarring 1981:21)
none
“2 du̇ka:n quruš cf. A 37 + n. 25.” (Jarring)
“3 čarɛk P. čar-jek one fourth, also Jarring 1964:66 čarɛk a quarter, a weight = 8.96 kg” (Jarring)
“4 ilig ~ ilik 3 140 finger, also used as a measurement, corresponding roughly to 'inch'” (Jarring)
lota 'thigh' Khotan form; cf. Kashgar Turki yota~jota
“5 Jarring 1964:256 quru-~qɯj- to dry.” (Jarring)
“6 lota thigh, in Khotan; otherwise jota - dʓota, cf. Jarring 1964:159 jotɛ, 184 lo ta” (Jarring)
“7 tašlïq lit. supplied with stones = scrotum” | “8 mediŋ ~ mu ediŋ” (Jarring)