uig1905_kg207-i1 Uyghur, Pre-modern 1905 Pütükchining zörür lazimliq nerselari Things necessary for writing Procedural narrative Document conforms to Pixcor v. 1.1, with Uyghur Latin orthography.

This text is part of a larger Prov. 207 collection. “The texts...were written down in Kashghar, probably around 1905-1910, at the instigation of G. Raquette who was then a missionary-surgeon in the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden there."(Jarring 1992).

 Kashgar Muhammed Ali Damollah Arienne M Dwyer, P.I. C.M. Sperberg-McQueen U.S. National Science Foundation Gülnar Eziz Arienne M Dwyer Arienne M Dwyer Gülnar Eziz Arienne M Dwyer Arienne Dwyer Gülnar Eziz Arienne M Dwyer Lund Library permits annotation and online display of this session (Email by Eva Nylander to Arienne Dwyer, 2011).

The current Prov. 207-i1 is to date unpublished.

Lund Libary metadata (from http://laurentius.ub.lu.se/jarring/volumes/207.html): "Muhammad Ali Damolla and Abul Vahid akhon (sic, Jarring later corrected to Abdu Vali Akhon (AD)), A collection of essays on life in Eastern Turkestan. Eastern Turkistan, 20th century, early, Uighur. These essays were made at the instigation of Gustaf Raquette during his time as missionary-surgeon in Kashghar, probably around 1905-1910. The author of the essays of the first collection is one Muhammad Ali Damolla. The author of the essays of the second collection is one Abul Vahid akhon. The essays were evidently intented for Raquette's Eastern Turki Grammar, P. 3 which contains an Eastern Turki-English Vocabulary and for his English-Turki Dictionary (Lund 1927). Excerpts from these essays have no doubt been included in the above mentioned two works, but the main part of the word material contained in them has never been published. Annexed is a plan in Swedish in Raquette's hand which indicates that his intention was to have Abul Vahid akhon, or some other Mulla, write further essays of the same kind as those registered in the ms. In this plan the contents of the missing numbers AV 37-38 and AV 40-51 are indicated. The total collection consists of 169 leaves of which 117 in Collection I and 52 in Collection II; 
Cf. Jarring in Scripta minora 1990-1991:3, 1991-1992:2, 1992-1993:1, 1997-1998:2." Physical description Support: paper, brownish, Russian made, with water marks in Cyrillic letters; annexed plan yellowish, ruled paper Extent: ff. 169 + 16 ; 360 x 225mm. Decoration Binding The ms. is not bound. Foliation The ms. is foliated by cataloguer in 2005. Condition Poor History Origin Provenance The whole collection was presented to Gunnar Jarring in 1970 by Mrs Hanna Raquette, wife of Gustaf Raquette. Acquisition The ms. was part of the Jarring collection of Eastern Turkistan manuscripts donated to the Lund University Library in 1982.

{ } marks illegible text. The first five lines (1-5) were numbered by the author, Muhammed Ali Damollah.

Mannerheim notes: “The manufacture of paper is very primitive. The bark of the mulberry tree is used as raw material. The inner bark is separated from the outer, which is thrown away, and is soaked for 24 hours in the river and then boiled for about an hour. The sticky pulp secured by this method is laid on a millstone and beaten with a wooden club until the fibres are separated and the pulp has become loose. The papermaker sits with bent knees beside a square hole in the ground filled with water. By his side is part of the pulp in a wooden cylinder, let into the ground. The pulp is diluted with water as required. The man places in the water-hole a mould of four narrow boards with a thin muslin-like cloth at the bottom. With a ladle made out of mangold he takes a clot of the pulp and puts it in the mould floating before him and spreads it out in the water by whirling a small wooden cross, fastened to a handle, round in the water and pulp in the mould. Then the mould is taken out of the water and allowed to dry for 24 hours. The product is, of course, a clotted, grey, coarse paper with long fibres, but as it has no competition to face, it has a good sale in the country. During the day we met with many caravans of asses, about 140 with paper, sheepskin and principally raisins from Guma to Yarkand, and 20-30 with silk thread, raisins, sheep's hides and carpets from Khotan to Kashgar.” (Mannerheim 1969 [1940]: 81-82, entry from 24 November 1906). Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf. Across Asia from West to East in 1906-1908. 1969 [1940]. 2 vols. Oosterhout N.B.: Anthropological Publications.

 2012-11-19 AMD

Did rough tagging and hand-editing; created metadata, transcoded and inserted IPA tier.

 2012-11-20 GE

Pixcorized text from odt; copied metadata; did seg, pos, ilg annotation..

 2013-02-10 AMD

alignment check, filled in some translation

 2013-04-11 GE

look over English gloss and add some comments.

 2013-04-20 AMD

restored XML declaration and DTD, adjusted comments, annotations, and translation

 2013-06-06 AMD

Added mss. line numbers >1< etc.; overhauled all sref tiers based on my and GE's re-evaluating the text; broke several S's into separate srefs beginning with sref 5. Renumbered; deleted asp (ʰ) from seg. NB: in other texts, need to re-tag kerek, lazim, zorur as XAJ (is also AJ, AJ.PRED)

 2013-07-07AMD

fixed alignment issues

 2014-05-14AMD

remade line breaks as lb element.

2015-04-13AMD

finished seg to Uy Latin; annotation edits.
>1< Pütükchining zörür lazimliq nerseleri pʰytʰykʧʰiniŋ zøryr lazimliqʰ nɛrsɛlɛri pütükchi-ning zörür lazimliq nerse-ler-i N-GEN XAJ N N-PL-POSS3 writing-GEN neccessary necessity thing-PL-POSS3 Things necessary for writing

Title

 >2< (1) Qalem uchini pishiq qomush qalemtira:sh bilen qelem qirip uchini yirmaq. qʰalɛm uʧʰini piʃiqʰ qʰomuʃ qʰalɛmtʰiraːʃ bilɛn qʰalɛm qʰirip uʧʰini jirmaqʰ qalem uch-i-ni pishiq qomush qalemtiraash bilen qalem qir-ip uch-i-ni yir-maq N N-POSS3-ACC AV N N POST N Vt-CNV N-POSS3-ACC Vt-GER pen top-POSS3-ACC prudently reed penknife with pen sharpen-CNV top-POSS3-ACC cut-GER The nib of a pen is best sharpened with a reed penknife, trimming its top.

"(1)" is the author's.

>3< (2) Siya:hini chiragh isi bilen we ya kironjni qurutup köydürüp qilidur. sijaːhini ʧʰiraɣ isi bilɛn wɛ ja kʰironʤni qʰurutʰup kʰøjdyryp qʰilidur siyaah-i-ni chiragh is-i bilen we ya kironj-ni quru-t-up köy-dür-üp qil-i-dur N-POSS3-ACC N N-POSS3 POST CONJ PRT N-ACC Vi-CAUST-CNV Vi-CAUSDUR-CNV Vt-PRS-3s1 ink-POSS3-ACC lamp smoke-POSS3 with or PRT resin-ACC dry-CAUST-CNV fire-CAUSDUR-CNV do-PRS-3s1 Ink is made by burning lamp smoke and burning dried resin.

kironj 'resin, pitch', cf. mod. per. قیر 'id.', a technique often employed in the making of Greco-Roman ink.

 >4< (3) Duwa:t siya:h chilaydurghan qacha misdin ya tömür parchisidin we ya safa:ldin. duwaːtʰ sijaːh ʧʰilajdurɣan qʰaʧʰa mɛsidin ja tʰømyr parʧʰisi wɛ ja safaldin duwaat siyaah chila-ydurghan qacha mesi-din ya tömür parchi-si we ya safal-din N N Vt-REL.IMPF N N-ABL CONJ.ya1 N N-POSS3 CONJ CONJ.ya2 N-ABL inkwell ink dunk-REL.IMPF bowl leather-ABL or metal part-POSS3 or either stoneware-ABL The inkwell is a bowl in which the ink is dunked, made either of brass, metal, or stoneware.

duwaːt 'inkwell', cf. mod.Per. دوات 'id.'; mese 'leather'; cf. MSU 'leather slipper'

 >5< (4) Duwa:tqa saladurghan jijingni soqup yumshatip siya:h bilen duwa:tqa >6< salidur; duwaːtqʰa saladurɣan {ʤiʤiŋ}ni soqʰup jumʃatʰip sijaːh bilɛn duwaːtqʰa salipdur duwaat-qa sal-adurghan jijing-ni soq-up yumsha-t-ip siyaah bilen duwaat-qa sal-ip-dur N-DAT Vt-REL.IMPF N-ACC Vt-CNV Vi-CAUST-CNV N POST N-DAT Vt-CNV-3s1 inkpot-DAT put-REL.IMPF ʤiʤiŋ!-ACC smash-CNV soften-CAUST-CNV ink with inkpot-DAT put.in-CNV-3s1 The alum that is put in the inkwell is ground until soft and mixed with the ink in the inkwell;

ʤiʤiŋ 'alum (jijing from Chinese ??酒精 ??酒精, ???洁净cf. mod. Uy zemche~zemchiwel from Per زاج) is ground up into a powder and added as a binding agent to the soot and resin. Besides its usage as a flocculant (e.g. in cosmetics) and a mordant in wool-dying, alum is widely used to control the absorbancy of certain papers (e.g. rice paper in the Chinese painting tradition'

 siya:hni chilep we ya bir shishege salip, pütün siya:hni shishe salghandin kin sijaːhni ʧʰilap wɛ ja bir ʃiʃɛgɛ salip | pytʰyn sijaːhni ʃiʃɛ salɣandin kʰiːn siyaah-ni chila-p we ya bir shishe-ge sal-ip | pütün siyaah-ni shishe sal-ghan-din kiin N-ACC Vt-CNV POST CONJ NU N-DAT Vt-CNV | AJ N-ACC N Vt-PRTC.PST-ABL POST ink-ACC dunk-CNV and or one bowl-DAT put-CNV | whole ink-ACC glass put-PRTC.PST-ABL after and after dunking the ink or putting it in a glass bottle, later it is shaken until it separates;

>7< chalghutup ta ki chalghulmaqtin ayrip, ʧʰalɣutʰup tʰakʰi ʧʰalɣulmaqtʰin ajripʰ chalghu-t-up taki chalghulmaq-tin ayri-p Vi-CAUST-CNV AV.PRT N-ABL Vt-CNV shake-CAUST-CNV until shaking-ABL separate-CNV (so as to) not let the ink sit once it has become mixed with the water,

pütün siya:h qalmay su birle bir bolghanda duwa:tqa >8< quymaq kérek. pʰytʰyn sijaːh qʰalmaj su birlɛ bir bolɣanda duwaːtqʰa qʰujmaqʰ kʰerɛkʰ pütün siyaah qal-may su birle bir bol-ghan-da duwat-qa quy-maq kérek AJ N Vi-CNV.NEG N POST NU Vi-PRTC.PST-ISTN N-DAT Vt-GER XAJ whole ink remain-CNV.NEG water with one be-PRTC.PST-ISTN inkwell-DAT pour-GER need it is necessary to pour the ink into the inkwell.

>9< (5) Yaxshi qaghez chinte jumlesidin yasalur jaxʃi qʰagɛz ʧʰintʰɛ ʤumlɛsidin jasalur yaxshi qagez chin-te jumle-si-din yasa-l-ur AJ N N-AJZR N-POSS3-ABL Vt-PASSL-AOR good paper Chinese-style wood.pulp-POSS3-ABL make-PASSL-AOR Good paper is made from Chinese-style wood pulp.

Decide on spelling qaghez or qaghez

ʧʰin-tʰɛ normally ʧʰin-ʧʰɛ | jumle 'pulp' (cf. mod. Per. خمیر (for chinte jumelisidin Scharlipp has puxte jümlesidin 'strong ingredients ( from 'solid, carefully' + 'all kinds of'; cannot be correct))

 Shundagh ki Orus qaghez Qoqend qaghez we ya >10< Xoten qaghezini üjme derixining yildizining qobzaqini soyup, ʃundaqkʰi orus qʰagɛz qʰoqʰɛntqʰa qʰagɛz ja xotʰɛn qʰagɛzini yʒmɛ dɛrixiniŋ jildiziniŋ qʰobzaqʰini sojup shundaq=ki orus qagez qoqend-qa qagez ya xoten qagez-i-ni üʒme derix-i-ning yildiz-i-ning qobzaq-i-ni soy-up PN=REL Ntop N Ntop-DAT N CONJ Ntop N-POSS3-ACC N N-POSS3-GEN N-POSS3-GEN N-POSS3-ACC Vt-CNV that.way=REL Russia paper Qoqend-DAT paper or Khotan paper-POSS3-ACC mulberry tree-POSS3-GEN root-POSS3-GEN bark-POSS3-ACC peel-CNV Such (high-quality paper) is Russian paper, Qoqend paper, or Khotan paper made by peeling mulberry root bark and grinding it until soft;

soqup yumshatip >11< yaghachdin qa:lipni chaha:rsu qilip, soqʰup jumʃatʰip jaɣaʧtʰin qʰaːlipni ʧʰahaːrsu qʰilip soq-up yumsha-t-ip yaghach-tin qaalip-ni chahaarsu qil-ip Vt-CNV Vi-CAUST-CNV N-ABL N-ACC N Vt-CNV smash-CNV soften-CAUST-CNV wood-ABL form-ACC square make-CNV (The soaked fibers) are spread into the bottom of a wooden screen mold;

chaha:rsu 'square'

tégige hem bir katip tujqun su üstide qoyghanda >12< suni chalghutup bergende tékshi bolur. tʰegigɛ bir kʰatʰip tʰujqʰun su ystʰidɛ qʰojɣanda suni ʧʰalɣutʰup#bɛrgɛndɛ tʰekʃi bolur tég-i-ge bir kat-ip tuyqun su üst-i-de qoy-ghan-da su-ni chalghu-t-up#ber-gen-de tékshi bol-ur N-POSS3-DAT NU Vt-CNV {illegible} N POST-POSS3-LOC Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN N-ACC Vi-CAUST-CNV#LVV-PRTC.PST-ISTN AJ Vi-AOR bottom-POSS3-DAT one add-CNV standing water top-POSS3-LOC put-PRTC.PST-ISTN water-ACC shake-CAUST-CNV#BER-PRTC.PST-ISTN even become-AOR and this frame is then lowered into a pool of standing water and then the liquid is shaken until the mixture become even.

tujqun su NB r < j in Yarkandi Uy. , from /tur/. | tekshe 'even, level'

 Andin qalip bilen aftabda qoyghanda qurup qaghez bolur. andin qʰalip bilɛn aftʰabda qʰojɣanda qʰurup qʰagɛz bolur andin qalip bilen aftab-da qoy-ghan-da quru-p qagez bol-ur PN.ABL N POST N-LOC Vi-PRTC.PST-ISTN Vi-CNV N Vi-AOR then form with sunshine-LOC put-PRTC.PST-ISTN dry-CNV paper become-AOR Then the form is put in the sunshine to dry as paper.

>13< Qaghazni yaxshi qilay dese kironjni qaynatip, kironj suyini yete qaynatip qiyam qilghane >14< taki bir qaymaq we ya meske dek yumshaq bolur. qʰagɛzni jaxʃi qʰilaj desɛ kʰironʤni qʰajnatʰip | kʰironʤ sujini jɛtʰɛ qʰajnatʰip qʰijam qʰilɣanɛ tʰakʰi bir qʰajmaqʰ wɛ ja mɛskʰɛdɛkʰ jumʃaqʰ bolur qagez-ni yaxshi qil-ay dé-se kironj-ni qayna-t-ip | kironj suy-i-ni yete qayna-t-ip qiyam qil-ghan-e taki bir qaymaq we ya meske=dek yumshaq bol-ur N-ACC AJ Vt-OPT1s Vt-COND N-ACC Vi-CAUST-CNV | N N-POSS3-ACC NU Vi-CAUST-CNV N Vt-PTRC.PST-DAT AV.PST NU N POST PRT N=SIM AJ Vi-AOR paper-ACC good do-OPT1s say-COND resin-ACC boil-CAUST-CNV | resin water-POSS3-ACC seven boil-CAUST-CNV proper.consistency make-PTRC.PST-DAT until one cream and so butter=SIM soft be-AOR To make good paper, one boils resin and boils it together seven times to make a thick paste of a proper consistency, as soft as cream and butter.

qiyam 'a proper degree of consistency' arb. (Scharlipp 1998:114, who has qaeva:m); should qiyam qil be LVN?

Ani qaghez üstide qoyup qoligha bir xalte >15< kiyip xalte bilen tekshi qaghezge suwap qaghezni ala künesh yerde qoymaq kérek. ani qʰagɛz ystʰidɛ qʰojup qʰoliɣa bir xaltʰɛ kʰijip xaltʰɛ bilɛn tʰɛkʃi qʰagɛzɣa suwap qʰagɛzni ala kʰynɛʃ jɛrdɛ qʰojmaqʰ kʰerɛkʰ u-ni qagez üst-i-de qoy-up qol-i-gha bir xalte kiy-ip xalte bilen tekshi qagez-gha suwa-p qagez-ni ala künesh yer-de qoy-maq kérek DEM-ACC N POST-POSS3-LOC Vt-CNV N-POSS3-DAT NU N Vt-CNV N POST AJ N-DAT Vt-CNV N-ACC AJ N N-LOC Vt-GER XAJ that-ACC paper top-POSS3-LOC put-CNV hand-POSS3-DAT one bag wear-CNV bag with level paper-DAT plaster-CNV paper-ACC dappled sunny place-LOC put-GER need That (paste) is spread on top of the paper, which one plasters flat, with a hand covered in a bag used to make the paper even; the paper should be spread out to dry in a place dappled with sunshine.

Scharlipp has suda- to water ; suwa- 'plaster' makes more sense here.

 Qurghanda >16< alip shundagh tertu yüzge hem suwap qurutup alghanda, qʰurɣanda alip ʃundaqʰ tʰɛrtʰu jyzgɛ hɛm suwap qʰurutʰup alɣanda qur-ghan-da al-ip shundaq tertu#yüz-ge hem suwa-p quru-t-up#al-ghan-da Vi-PRTC.PST-ISTN Vt-CNV DEM N#N-DAT CONJ Vt-CNV Vi-CAUST-CNV#LVV-PRTC.PST-ISTN dry-PRTC.PST-ISTN take-CNV in.that.way reverse#side-DAT and plaster-CNV dry-CAUST-CNV#AL-PRTC.PST-ISTN While drying, the paper is plastered down on the reverse side in this way to dry,

tertu yüz-ge 'to the reverse side'- GE still has tertubuz-ge

 zer tash yeni siliq bir tash bilen >17< sürgende shishe dek siliq qaghez bolur. zɛr tʰaʃ jɛni siliqʰ bir tʰaʃ bilɛn syrgɛndɛ ʃiʃɛdɛkʰ siliqʰ qʰagɛz bolur zer#tash yeni siliq bir tash bilen sür-gen-de shishe=dek siliq qagez bol-ur AJ#N AV AJ NU N POST Vt-PRTC.PST-ISNT N=LOC.REL AJ N Vi-AOR golden#stone again! smooth one stone with pour-PRTC.PST-ISNT glass=LOC.REL smooth paper become-AOR Then the paper is poured out on top of a polishing smoothing stone known as a zer tash, and it becomes paper as smooth as glass.

zer tash 'polishing stone'

 Het qilghali yaxshi Qoqend qaghezining siliq bolur. hɛtʰ qʰilɣali jaxʃi qʰoqʰɛnd qʰagɛziniŋ siliqʰ bolur het qil-ghali yaxshi qoqend qaghez-i-ning siliq bol-ur N Vt-PURP AJ Ntop N-POSS3-GEN AJ Vi-AOR calligraphy make-PURP good Qoqend paper-POSS3-GEN smooth be-AOR For calligraphy, the high quality Qoqand paper is smooth.

>18< Kita:bet qilghanda qaghez tégide juzgi:r yeni qirim we ya köndin qilghan nersini ayturamiz. Ol juzgi:r dur. kʰitʰaːbɛtʰ qʰilɣanda qʰagɛz tʰegidɛ ʤuzgiːr jeni qʰirim wɛ ja kʰøndin qʰilɣan nɛrsini ajtʰurimiz | ol ʤuzgiːr dur kitaab-et qil-ghan-da qagez tég-i-de juzgiir yéni qirim we ya kön-din qil-ghan nersi-ni ayt-ur-imiz | ol juzgiir dur N-PL Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN N N-POSS3-LOC N AV N CONJ CONJ.CN N-ABL Vt-REL.PST N-ACC Vt-AOR-1p1 | DEM N COP.dir book-PL do-PRTC.PST-ISTN paper bottom-POSS3-LOC bookstand again goatskin and or leather-ABL made-REL.PST thing-ACC call-AOR-1p1 | DEM bookstand COP.dir When writing books, a leather or goatskin juzgir bookstand is put it underneath the paper; we call it a juzgir.

kita:bet, 'books' (plural of kita:b) cf. mod. arb كتابة | juzgi:r ' a contrivance for keeping a book open when reading or writing, a portfolio' (Steingass 1957:362 in Scharlipp 1998:115). | qirim 'a special kind of goat-skin (only in dialects)' (Najip 1968:624 in Scharlipp 1998:115).

>19< pütügende juzgir üstide qaghezni qoyup, qaghez bashini qaghez ayaghidin sahal igizrani >20< tutup olturghanda, bir putuni tegige basip, bir ayaghini tiklep tizlanip olturghaylar. pytʰygɛndɛ ʤuzgir ystʰidɛ qʰagɛzni qʰojup | qʰagɛz baʃini qʰagɛz ajaɣidin sahal igizrani tʰutʰup oltʰurɣanda | bir putʰuni tʰɛgigɛ basip | bir ajaɣini tʰikʰlap tʰizlanip oltʰurɣajlar pütü-gen-de juzgir üst-i-de qagez-ni qoy-up | qagez bash-i-ni qagez ayagh-i-din sahal igiz-raq-ni tut-up#oltur-ghan-da | bir put-u-ni teg-i-ge bas-ip | bir ayagh-i-ni tikla-p tizla-n-ip#oltur-ghay-lar Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN N POST-POSS3-LOC N-ACC Vt-CNV | N N-POSS3-ACC N N-POSS3-ABL AV AJ-CMP-ACC Vt-CNV#LVV-PRTC.PST-ISTN | NU N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS3-DAT Vt-CNV | NU N-POSS3-ACC Vt-CNV Vi-REFX-CNV#LVV-OPT-3p2 write-PRTC.PST-ISTN bookstand top-POSS3-LOC paper-ACC put-CNV | paper top-POSS3-ACC paper bottom-POSS3-ABL little high-CMP-ACC hold-CNV#OLTUR-PRTC.PST-ISTN | one foot-POSS3-ACC ground-POSS3-DAT press-CNV | one foot-POSS3-ACC raise-CNV kneel-REFX-CNV#OLTUR-OPT-3p2 The paper is placed on top of the juzgir bookstand and one holds the top of the paper up a bit higher than the bottom, and you should sit with one foot on the floor and one leg raised.

sahal from arb. sahl 'anything soft, easy' Jarring from Raquette sahal pahal < salpal 'very easy, slight' (Scharlipp: 115). // paper: bashi, not beshi 'its head'

 >21< Xet qilghanda qaghezge mistar salip qaghezni jirjimaq kérekdur. xɛtʰ qʰilɣanda qʰagɛzgɛ mistʰar salipʰ qʰagɛzni ʤirʤimaqʰ kʰerɛkdur xet qil-ghan-da qagez-ge mistar sal-ip qagez-ni jirji-maq kérek=dur N Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN N-DAT N Vt-CNV N-ACC Vt-GER XAJ=PRT.emph handwriting make-PRTC.PST-ISTN paper-DAT ruler put-CNV paper-ACC draw-GER need=PRT.emph To put letters to paper, it is necessary to use a ruler to draw lines on the paper.

arb. mistar 'ruler' (Steingass 1957:1237, via Scharlipp 1998:115) | qʰagɛz not qʰagɛz because of front G: qʰagɛz-gɛ

 Mistar salmasa >22< xet qiyiq chiqip qalur. mistʰar salmasa xɛtʰ qʰijiqʰ ʧʰiqʰipʰ qʰalur mistar sal-ma-sa xet qiyiq chiq-ip#qal-ur N Vt-NEG-COND N AJ Vi-CNV#LVV-AOR ruler put-NEG-COND handwriting askew put-CNV#QAL-AOR If the paper is unlined, the handwriting will be askew.

Mistarni bir nechche qaghez bilen bir safha qalinraq qilip her setir xet >23< araliqigha chize bilen tengshep tanap, meshhut yip bilen satir araliqigha qoyup, >24< qaghez bash terefidin ha:shiye qoyup pütügay. mistʰarni bir nɛʧʧʰɛ qʰagɛz bilɛn bir safha qʰalinraqʰ qʰilipʰ hɛr sɛtʰir xɛtʰ araliqʰiɣa ʧʰizɛ bilɛn tʰɛŋʃɛpʰ tʰanapʰ | meʃhutʰ jip bilɛn satʰir araliqʰiɣa qʰojupʰ qʰagɛz baʃ tʰɛrɛfidin haːʃijɛ qʰojupʰ pʰytʰygaj mistar-ni bir#nechche qagez bilen bir safha qélin-raq qil-ip her setir xet araliq-i-gha chize bilen tengshe-p tanap | méshhut bilen setir araliq-i-gha qoy-up qagez bash teref-i-din haashiye qoy-up pütü-gay N-ACC NU#PN.indef N POST NU N AJ-CMP Vt-CNV QNT N N POST-POSS3-DAT N POST Vt-CNV N | N POST N POST-POSS3-DAT Vt-CNV N N N-POSS3-ABL N Vt-CNV Vt-PRTC.hort ruler-ACC one#some paper with one page thick-CMP do-CNV each page word space.between-POSS3-DAT ruler with adjust-CNV string | raw.silk with line space.between-POSS3-DAT put-CNV paper head side-POSS3-ABL margin put-CNV write-PRTC.hort One makes a page thicker with some sheets of paper, adjusting the spaces between every word with a ruler, putting a silk thread in the space between, and leaving a margin towards the top of the paper, one can begin writing.

satir 'line' (~setir) | meshhu:t 'raw silk' (Jarring 1964:189) | ha:shiye 'margins' | safha 'page' (GE: sefe), cf. MSU se'ife | is -gaj really tagged as PRTC.hort? | tanap N?

Ve pütügende mumkin bolse qitayi kelime qilmaghay, >25< chünki qitayi kelime yeni bir kelime sözni oturadin bolap, tengini setir>26<ning ayaghughe we tengini setirning bashigha bolmasun. vɛ pʰytʰygɛndɛ mumkʰin bolsɛ qʰitʰaji kʰɛlimɛ qʰilmaɣaj | ʧʰynkʰi qʰitʰaji kʰɛlimɛ pʰytʰyn bir kʰɛlimɛ søzni otʰuradin bolapʰ | tʰɛŋini sɛtʰirniŋ ajaɣuɣɛ wɛ tʰɛŋini sɛtʰirniŋ baʃiɣa bolmasun ve pütü-gen-de mumkin#bol-se qita-yi#kelime qil-ma-ghay | chünki qita-yi#kelime pütün bir kelime söz-ni otura-din bol-ap | tengi-ni setir-ning ayagh-u-ghe we tengi-ni setir-ning bash-i-gha bol-ma-sun CONJ Vt-PRTC.GEN-LOC XAJ#LVN-COND N-POSS3#N Vt-NEG-PRTC! | CONJ.SUB N-POSS3#N AJ NU M N-ACC N-ABL Vt-CNV | N-ACC N-GEN N-POSS3-DAT CONJ N-ACC N-GEN N-POSS3-DAT Vi-NEG-3sJUSS and write-PRTC.GEN-LOC possible#be-COND piece-POSS3#speech make-NEG-PRTC! | because piece-POSS3#speech whole one speech word-ACC middle-ABL divide-CNV | half-ACC line-GEN bottom-POSS3-DAT and half-ACC line-GEN beginning-POSS3-DAT be-NEG-3sJUSS If possible when writing an essay, one should avoid separating the words of the essay in two parts (over separate lines); write down the first part on the end of the first line, and the second part at the beginning of the second line.

qita 'segment, portion, piece, in pieces (Steingass 1957:997), qitayi kelime 'word-division' (in Scharlipp 1998:115). | xet 'letter, glyph; word' vs. söz 'word' | mumkin bol- 'be possible' not sure if XAJ#LVN best analysis? (AD)

 Mistar iki qisimdur. mistʰar ikʰi qʰisimdur mistar iki qisim=dur N NU N=COP.dir ruler two kind=COP.dir There are two kinds of ruled lines.

Birini qaghez bilen yip bilen dédük. birini qʰagɛz bilɛn jipʰ bilɛn dedykʰ bir-i-ni qagez bilen yip bilen dé-d-ük N-POSS3-ACC N POST N POST Vt-PST-1p2 one-POSS3-ACC paper with string with say-PST-1p2 One of them is made with paper and string, we say.

>27< Yene bir qismi üst bir texte rastlap jijiq qilmaq. jɛnɛ bir qʰismi ystʰ bir tɛxtʰɛ rastlapʰ ʤiʤiqʰ qʰilmaqʰ yene bir qism-i üst bir tex-te rastla-p jijiq qil-maq AV NU N-POSS3 N NU N-LOC Vt-CNV N Vt-GER again one kind-POSS3 top one board-LOC prepare-CNV line make-GER Another is made by preparing on the upper part of a board.

taxta 'board, plank' | rastla- 'prepare' here 'plane, straighten' (Scharlipp 1998:116) | jijiq 'line'

qaghez sefhasige qerindash qalem bilen >28< xetke muwa:fiq jijimaq kérek. qʰaɣɛz sɛfhasigɛ qʰerindaʃ qʰalɛm bilɛn xɛtkʰɛ muwaːfiqʰ ʤiʤimaqʰ kʰerɛkʰ qaghez#sefhé-si-ge qérindash#qalem bilen xet-ke muwaafiq jiji-maq kérek N#N-POSS3-DAT N#N POST N-DAT N Vt-GER AJ paper#page-POSS3-DAT pencil#pen with letter-DAT suitable draw-GER need On the page, it is necessary to draw appropriate words with writing devices.

Setir setir jijilur, yene bir xetdin jijilur. Qarindash >29< qalemni jingchige qilip yénik jijighay. sɛtʰir sɛtʰir ʤiʤilur | qʰarindaʃ qʰalɛmni ʤiŋʧʰikʰɛ qʰilipʰ jenikʰ ʤiʤiɣaj stir stir jiji-l-ur | qérindash#qalem-ni jingchike qil-ip yénik jiji-ghay N N Vt-PASSL-AOR | N#N-ACC AJ Vt-CNV AJ Vt-PRTC.hort line line draw-PASSL-AOR | pencil#pen-ACC thin do-CNV light draw-PRTC. Line after line is drawn; one makes the pencils thin and should draw lightly.

jingchige 'thin', cognate with Mod.Std.Uy. inchike 'minute, 'thin'

Eger bir yerde bir neme ghelt bolse, xet qurughanda >30< ittik pichaqda yénik qirip chiqarip, xet ornini siliq bir tash bilen sürüp siliq >31< qilip, ornighe xet pütümek kérek. ɛgɛr bir jɛrdɛ bir nɛmɛ ɣɛltʰ bolsɛ | xɛtʰ qʰuruɣanda ittʰikʰ pʰiʧʰaqta jenikʰ qʰiripʰ ʧʰiqʰaripʰ | xɛtʰ ornini siliqʰ bir tʰaʃ bilɛn syrypʰ siliqʰ qʰilipʰ | orniɣɛ xɛtʰ pʰytʰymɛkʰ kʰerɛkʰ eger bir yer-de bir#nime ghelt bol-se | xet quru-ghan-da ittik pichaq-da yénik qir-ip chiq-ar-ip | xet orn-i-ni siliq bir tash bilen sür-üp siliq qil-ip | orn-i-ghe xet pütü-mek kérek AV NU N-LOC NU#PN.INDEF AJ Vi-COND | N Vi-PRTC.PST-ISTN AJ N-LOC AJ Vt-CNV Vt-CAUSR-CNV | N N-POSS3-ACC AJ NU N POST Vt-CNV AJ Vt-CNV | N-POSS3-DAT N Vt-GER XAJ if one place-LOC one#something false be-COND | word dry-PRTC.PST-ISTN sharp knife-LOC soft pare-CNV take.out-CAUSR-CNV | word place-POSS3-ACC smooth one stone with pour-CNV smooth make-CNV | place-POSS3-DAT word write-GER need If there is an error in one spot, once the letters are dry, scrape (the paper) softly with sharp knife to erase the mistake; rub a smooth stone on the letters until they are smooth, and then one can write in this place.

Bu qismi qilip pütülgen xetler kitab pütümekning >32< bayanidur. bu qʰismi qʰilipʰ pʰytʰylgɛn xɛtlɛr kʰitʰab pʰytʰymɛkniŋ bajani dur bu qism-i qil-ip püt-ül-gen xet-ler kitab pütü-mek-ning bayan-i=dur DEM N-POSS3 Vt-CNV Vt-PASSL-DAT N-PL N Vt-GER-GEN N-POSS3=COP.dir this part-POSS3 do-CNV finish-PASSL-DAT letter-PL book write-GER-GEN description-POSS3=COP.dir This is a description of finishing letters and writing books.

pʰytʰ-yl- glossed here as 'finish'; if 'write', then must be segmented pʰytʰy-l-

Mumkin bolse zede qilmay hashiyeghe chiqarmay, pütülse her nuqtini her herfning >33< öz bara:berighe qoyup, imla:h bila:n yeni alif kéledurghan sözge ayn pütülmesun. mumkʰin bolsɛ zɛdɛ qʰilmaj haʃijɛɣɛ ʧʰiqʰarmaj | pʰytʰylsɛ hɛr nuqtʰini hɛr hɛrfniŋ øz baraːbɛrigɛ qʰojupʰ | imlaːh bilɛn jɛni alif kʰelɛdurɣan søzgɛ ɛjin pʰytʰylmɛsun mumkin#bol-se zede#qil-may hashiye-ghe chiq-ar-may | pütü-l-se her nuqti-ni her herf-ning öz baraaber-i-ge qoy-up | imlaah bilen yeni alif kél-edurghan söz-ge eyin pütü-l-me-sun XAJ#LVN-COND N#LVN-CNV.NEG N-DAT Vi-CAUSR-CNV.NEG | Vt-PASSL-COND QNT N-ACC QNT N-GEN PN.REFL N-POSS3-DAT Vt-CNV | N POST AV N Vi-REL.IMPF N-DAT N Vt-PASSL-NEG-3sJUSS possible#be-COND mistake#QIL-CNV.NEG margin-DAT take.out-CAUSR-CNV.NEG | write-PASSL-COND each dot-ACC each letter-GEN self same.one-POSS3-DAT put-CNV | orthography with again alif come-REL.IMPF word-DAT ghayn write-PASSL-NEG-3sJUSS If possible, without making mistakes nor writing outside the margin, put down diacritics on each letter, (and write) according to the orthography when writing; this means that words with alif (the letter a) are not written together with a ghayn.

hashiye 'margin' | zéde qil- 'make mistakes' (lit. 'scars')

 Imla:h >34< bila:n pütülse mutabar ro:shen xet bolur. imlaːh bilɛn pʰytʰylsɛ mutʰabar roːʃɛn xɛtʰ bolur imlaah bilen pütü-l-se mutabar rooshen xet bol-ur N POST Vt-PASSL-COND N AJ N Vi-AOR orthography with write-PASSL-COND valid clear letter be-AOR Writing according the orthography, the letters are correct and clear.

mutabar 'esteemed, valid' (Scharlipp 1998:120).

 Imla:hni saqlamaq zörür, ahqa:mi iken. imlaːhni saqlamaqʰ zøryr | ahqʰaːmi ikʰɛn imlaah-ni saqla-maq zörür | ahqaam-i iken N-ACC Vt-GER XAJ | N-POSS3 XINFR orthography-ACC keep-GER necessary | convention-POSS3 XINFR It is necessary to preserve the orthographic conventions.

ahqa:m 'statutes' (Scharlipp 1998:118), cf. MSU ehkam 'order, directive, decree; guidelines', cf. per. حکم sentence, verdict, ruling, decree (AD)

 >35<Ikinji xetni dua: we salam xetdur, polat qalem bila:n pütülur. ikʰinʤi xɛtni duaː wɛ salam xɛt dur | pʰolatʰ qʰalɛm bilɛn pʰytʰylur iki-nji xet-ni duaa we salam xet=dur | polat qalem bilen pütü-l-ur NU-ORD N-ACC N CONJ N N=COP.dir | N N POST Vt-PASSL-AOR two-ORD word-ACC respect and greeting letter=COP.dir | steel pen with write-PASSL-AOR The second kind of letter is a letter of greeting, which should be written with a metal-nibbed pen.

Usualy dua:i-sela:m (Jarring 1964:89)

 Aksar bu polat qalemni >36< sodagerler defter we dua: we salam xet üchün ishletur. aksar bu pʰolatʰ qʰalɛmni sodagɛrlɛr dɛftʰɛr wɛ duaː wɛ salam xɛtʰ yʧʰyn iʃlɛtʰur aksar bu polat qalem-ni sodager-ler defter we duaa we salam xet üchün ishle-t-ur N DEM N N-ACC N-PL N CONJ N CONJ N N POST Vt-CAUST-AOR early.times this steel pen-ACC merchant-PL notebook and respect and greeting letter for use-CAUST-AOR In earlier times, this metal-nibbed pen was used for merchants' bookkeeping and letters of greeting.

aksar 'earlier times'

 Tatlatmay ishletse bu hem >37< yaxshi qalemdur, quruq saqlase tatlamaydur. tʰatlatmaj iʃlɛtsɛ bu hɛm jaxʃi qʰalɛmdur | qʰuruqʰ saqlasɛ tʰatlamajdur tatla-t-may ishle-t-se bu hem yaxshi qalem=dur | quruq saqla-se tatla-may-dur Vi-CAUST-CNV.NEG Vt-CAUST-COND DEM CONJ AJ N=COP.3s1 | AJ Vt-COND Vi-CNV.NEG-3s1 get.rusty-CAUST-CNV.NEG use-CAUST-COND this also good pen=COP.3s1 | dry store-COND get.rusty-CNV.NEG-3s1 This is also a good pen if you do not let it rust; it doesn't rust if stored dry.

tatla- 'get rusty', MSU datla- (was ''scratch')

 Her yerge iba:redurghan xetni lifa:fe dep bir qaghezdin >38< qilinghan bir xaltedur. hɛr jɛrgɛ ibaːrɛdurɣan xɛtni lipʰaːpʰɛ dɛpʰ bir qʰagɛzdin qʰilinɣan bir xaltʰɛ dur her yer-ge ibaar-edurghan xet-ni lipaape de-p bir qagez-din qil-in-ghan bir xalte=dur QNT N-DAT Vt-REL.IMPF N-ACC N Vt-CNV NU N-ABL Vt-PASSN-PRTC.PST NU N=COP.dir every place-DAT send-REL.IMPF letter-ACC envelope say-CNV one paper-ABL make-PASSN-PRTC.PST one package=COP.dir The letters that we send anywhere are put into a paper pouch called a lifafe.

Orthographic /lifaːfe/ was apparently pronounced lepʰa:pʰɛ at the time (Jarring 1964:183)

 Aning ichige salip yemlep lifa:fe üstige xet qilip, ibaːreledurghan >39< yerge vezn xetni mula:heze qilip, özige köremege chaplap poshtexanege tashlar; aniŋ iʧʰigɛ salipʰ jɛmlɛpʰ lipʰaːpʰɛ ystʰigɛ xɛtʰ qʰilipʰ | ibaːrɛladurɣan jɛrgɛ vɛzn xɛtni mulaːhɛzɛ qʰilipʰ | øzigɛ kʰørɛmɛgɛ ʧʰilaplapʰ pʰoʃtʰɛxanɛgɛ tʰaʃlar aning ich-i-ge sal-ip yemle-p lipaape üst-i-ge xet qil-ip | ibaarela-dur-ghan yer-ge vezn xet-ni mulaaheze#qil-ip | öz-i-ge köreme-ge chilapla-p poshtexane-ge tashla-r DEM.GEN POST-POSS3-DAT Vt-CNV Vt-CNV N POST-POSS3-DAT N Vt-CNV | Vt-CAUSDUR-REL.IMPF N-DAT N N-ACC N#LVN-CNV | PN.REFL-POSS3-DAT N-DAT Vt-CNV N-DAT Vt-AOR its inside-POSS3-DAT put-CNV seal-CNV envelope top-POSS3-DAT letter make-CNV | send-CAUSDUR-REL.IMPF place-DAT weight letter-ACC consideration#QIL-CNV | self-POSS3-DAT postage.stamp-DAT affix-CNV post.office-DAT send.off-AOR (The letter) is put inside it and sealed, and (the address) is written on top of the envelope, and considering the weight according to where the letter will be sent, a postage stamp is affixed, and the letter is sent off at the post office.

yemle- 'paste together, seal' | vezn 'weight' (Scharlipp 1998:121) | mulaːheze 'consideration'

 >40< Xet yetkuzulur. xɛtʰ jɛtkʰyzylur xet yet-küz-ül-ur N Vi-CAUSGUZ-PASSL-AOR letter arrive-CAUSGUZ-PASSL-AOR The letter will arrive (at its destination).

Qalemning uchini keskende xa:h qumush qalem, xa:h polat qalem bolsun >41< qalemni yirghandin ki:n qalem uchi iki tilliq bolur. qʰalɛmniŋ uʧʰini kʰɛskʰɛndɛ xaːh qʰumuʃ qʰalɛm | xaːh pʰolatʰ qʰalɛm bolsun | qʰalɛmni jirɣandin kʰiːn qʰalɛm uʧʰi ikʰi tʰilliqʰ bolur qalem-ning uch-i-ni kes-ken-de xaah qumush qalem | xaah polat qalem bol-sun | qalem-ni yir-ghan-din kiin qalem uch-i iki tilliq bol-ur N-GEN N-POSS3-ACC Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN CONJ N N | CONJ N N Vi-3sJUSS | N-ACCv Vt-PRTC.PST-ABL POST N N-POSS3 NU AJ Vi-AOR pen-GEN top-POSS3-ACC cut-PRTC.PST-ISTN either reed pen | or steel pen be-3sJUSS | pen-ACC bend-PRTC.PST-ABL after pen top-POSS3 two tip be-AOR When one trims the nib of the pen, be it of reed or metal, after bending the pen, the nib should have a split tip.

xa...xa... '...as well as...', cf. MU gah...gah ~ gahi... gahi ~ yaki...yaki 'either....or') - CONJ or CONJ.DISJ? (AD)

Ong terifining uchi sol terifidin zereche >42< igizrek bolur. oŋ tʰɛrifiniŋ uʧʰi sol tʰɛrifidin zɛrɛʧʰɛ igizrɛkʰ bolur ong terif-i-ning uch-i sol terif-i-din zere-che igiz-rek bol-ur AJ N-POSS3-GEN POST-POSS3 AJ N-POSS3-ABL N-AVZR AJ-CMP Vi-AOR right side-POSS3-GEN nib-POSS3 left side-POSS3-ABL slight-AVZR high-CMP be-AOR The right side of the (pen's) nib will be somewhat higher than the left side.

zɛrɛ-ʧʰɛ 'slightly, a little bit, a shade, a touch'

 Qalem uchi hemmishe késilip turse xet saq chiqadur. qʰalɛm uʧʰi hɛmmiʃɛ kʰesilipʰ tʰirsɛ xɛtʰ saqʰ ʧʰiqʰadur qalem uch-i hemmishe kés-il-ip#tir-se xet saq chiq-a-dur N N-POSS3 AV Vt-PASSL-CNV#LVV-COND N AJ Vi-PRS-3s1 pen nib-POSS3 always cut-PASSL-CNV#TUR-COND word complete be-PRS-3s1 The letters will appear clean if the nib of the pen is kept trimmed.

hemmishe 'always'; if the nib is not smooth, the nib will destroy the paper.

 qaghez safhesige >43< mistar salip setirlarni tüz chiqarmaq, mistarsiz xet qilse tüz qilmaq kérek boladur. qʰagɛz safhesigɛ mistʰar salipʰ setʰirlarni tʰyz ʧʰiqʰarmaqʰ | mistʰirsiz xɛtʰ qʰilsɛ tʰyz qʰilmaqʰ kʰerɛkʰ bolur qagez safhé-si-ge mistar sal-ip sétir-lar-ni tüz chiq-ar-maq | mistirsiz xet qil-se tüz qil-maq kérek bol-ur N N-POSS3-DAT N Vt-CNV N-PL-ACC AJ Vi-CAUSR-GER | AJ N Vt-COND AJ Vt-GER XAJ Vi-AOR paper page-POSS3-DAT ruler put.down-CNV line-PL-ACC straight make-CAUSR-GER | without.ruler letter write-COND straight make-GER need be-AOR One draws lines on the page with a ruler so that the writing will come out straight; if one writes without a ruler, it is necessary to write straight.

safhe 'page' Arabic صحيفة 'leaf, written sheet', and in modern Arabic is used to mean 'newspaper.' | setir 'line' (arb.), cf. Jarring 1964 sætær.

 >44< Qumush qalem yöl késilse rishte chiqip qalur, qurutup kesmek lazim bolur. qʰumuʃ qʰalɛm jøl kʰesilsɛ riʃtʰɛ ʧʰiqʰipʰ qʰalur | qʰurutʰupʰ kʰɛsmɛkʰ lazim bolur qumush qalem yöl kés-il-se rishte chiq-ip#qal-ur | quru-t-up kes-mek lazim bol-ur N N AJ Vt-PASSL-COND AJ Vi-CNV#LVV-AOR | Vi-CAUST-CNV Vt-CNV.NEG XAJ Vi-AOR reed pen wet cut-PASSL-COND skewed become-CNV#QAL-AOR | dry-CAUST-CNV cut-CNV.NEG necessary be-AOR If a reed pen is cut while wet (green), it will be crooked; it is necessary cut it when dry.

yöl is Yarkand dialect version of SU köl; rishte (GE repishte) 'yarn, thread; bond, connection'. (Line written sideways at the right margin at the bottom of the page.)