uig_pre18910806_tf_km29 Uyghur (early, pre-modern) / [Eastern] Turki / late Chagatay 1891-08-06 Tuqqanniñ mäzmūniniñ bajäni Kinship terms Narrative Document conforms to Pixcor v. 1.1, with orthography in Menges Latin

Brief descriptions of kinship and marital status terms with some remarks about marriage age, number of times one may marry, and so on.

 Menges, Karl H. 1933. Volkskundliche Texte aus Ost-Türkistan. Aus dem Nachlass von N. Th. Katanov herausgegeben. Aus den Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 1933. Text 29. Berlin, pp. 78-81. Turfan Mejit Axun N. Th. Katanov N. Th. Katanov Karl Menges Arienne M Dwyer, P.I. C.M. Sperberg-McQueen U.S. National Science Foundation, Uyghur Light Verbs project (2011-2014, Arienne M Dwyer, P.I.) N. Th. Katanov Arienne Dwyer Travis Major Travis Major Travis Major N. Th. Katanov Karl Menges Arienne Dwyer Travis Major Arienne M. Dwyer Gülnar Eziz Limited Access: Under copyright (Menges 1933).

"Die türkische Abteilung des Ungarischen Instituts der Universität Berlin besitzt einen Teil des Nachlasses des russischen Orientalisten N. Th. Katanov, und zwar die Texte, die er in den Jahren 1890—92 auf einer Reise nach dem Semirečje (Džetъ-Su) und Chinesisch-Ost-Türkistan gesammelt hat. Katanov bereiste zu ethnologischen und linguistischen Forschungen im Auftrag der Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft und der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Süd-Sibirien, Qazaqistan und Ost-Türkistan." (...) "[Er reist] im Sommer 1890 über Čuɣučaq nach Ürümči, der Residenz des Gouverneurs von Chinesisch-Ost-Türkistan (den damals vereinigten Provinzen Gan-Su-Sin-Cjañ). Winter und Frühjahr 1891 verbrachte er im Tarbaɣataj, von wo er nach Erhalt eines kaiserlichen Schutz­briefes von Pekiñ wieder nach Gan-Su-Sin-Cjañ reiste und bis Mjao-örl-gou (»Hohes Kloster«) wenig östlich von Qomuɫ vordrang. März 1892 brach er von Qomuɫ nach Turfān auf; von dort fuhr er über Ürümči, Quldža und durch das Semirečje wieder nach Minussinsk, von wo er im Dezember 1892 nach St. Petersburg zurückkehrte." [The Turkish division of the Hungarian institute of the University of Berlin owns a part of the estate of the Russian Orientalist N.Th. Katanov, that is the texts, that he collected during a trip to Semireche (Jeti-su) and Chinese East Turkistan in the years 1890-92. Katanov traveledto South Siberia, Qazaqistan and Eastern Turkistan for ethnographic and lingusitic research under the auspices of the Russian Geographic Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences." (...) "[He traveled] in Summer 1890 over Chughuchaq to Ürümchi, the residence of the Chinese East Turkistan Governor (who at the time had unnited the provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang). He spent Winter and Spring 1891 in Tarbaghatay, from which he set out for Myao-örl-gou ("High Temple") slightly east of Qomul. In March 1892 he set out from Qomul to Turfan; from there he traveled through Ürümchi, Ghulja and through Semireche again to Munssinsk, when he returned to St. Petersburg in December 1892.]"

"Die Sprachproben aus Ost-Türkistan umfassen 2384 Folioseiten Text, wozu nur 934 Seiten Übersetzung gehören. Katanov gibt seine Texte in der russischen akademischen Transkription, die auch die der Proben ist. Ich gebe Katanovs Texte unverändert wieder, genau so, wie er sie nach dem Diktat seiner Gewährsleute niedergeschrieben hat. Geändert habe ich lediglich die Transkription, die ich durch unsere lateinische ersetze, und die Interpunktion, weil mir die Katanovsche nicht dem Bau des altajischen Satzes zu entsprechen scheint. Katanovs Übersetzung, soweit vorhanden, ist teilweise recht frei und erschließt daher gelegentliche Schwierigkeiten der Konstruktion gewöhnlich nicht."[The language samples from East-Turkistan consist of 2384 manuscript pages of text, to which only 934 pages of translation exist. I present Katanov's text unchanged, exactly his consultants' dictation he wrote down. I have only changed the transcriptions by replacing them with Latin script, and the punctuation, because Katanov's appeared not to match the construction of an Altaic sentence.. Katanov's translation, when available, is at times quite free and does not capture the occasional difficulties of constructions." (Menges 1933:3-4).

 2015-05-05AMD

alignment edits, and kinship terms reanalyzed as clitics

 2012-11-09 TJM

Did rough tagging with rough-tagger.xsl. Did hand-editing on the result to make it valid.

 2013-05-13 GE

look over, correct mistakes, and tag for clitics. done

 2013-06-06 GE

look over comments.

 2015-04-29 AMD

annotation overhaul, eng glossing overhaul, light md editing. seg ipa to seg orth.
Bir atedin tuqqenini qerindaš därlär, oɣuɫ boɫsa-ma, qiz boɫsa-ma. bir atʰedin tʰuqqʰenini qʰerindaʃ dɛrlɛr oɣuɫ boɫsa ma qʰiz boɫsa ma bir até-din tuq-qan-i-ni qérindash de-r-ler | oghul bol-sa=ma | qiz bol-sa=ma NU N-ABL Vt-PRTC.PST.RZR-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-3p2 | N Vi-COND=PRT1 | N Vi-COND=PRT2 one father-ABL be.born-PRTC.PST.RZR-POSS3-ACC sibling call-AOR-3p2 | boy be-COND=whether | girl be-COND=or Children from the same father are called siblings, whether boys or girls. Von demselben Vater gezeugte Kinder nennt man Geschwister, ob Jungen oder Mädchen.

Atamniñ aɣesini čoñ aka därmän, atamniñ inisini maɫ‘aka därmän; atamniñ čoñ qiz qerindešini jäñgäm där-män, atamniñ kičik qiz qerindešini ökäm därmän. atʰamniŋ aɣesini ʧʰoŋ#akʰa dɛrmɛn atʰamniŋ inisini maɫakʰa dɛrmɛn atʰamniŋ ʧʰoŋ qʰiz qʰerindeʃini jɛŋgɛm dɛr mɛn atʰamniŋ kʰiʧʰikʰ qʰiz qʰerindeʃini økʰɛm dɛrmɛn ata-m-ning aghé-si-ni chong=aka de-r-men | ata-m-ning ini-si-ni malaka de-r-men | ata-m-ning chong qiz qérindésh-i-ni yengge-m de-r-men | ata-m-ning kichik qiz qérindésh-i-ni öke-m de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC AJ=N Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN AJ N N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN AJ N N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 father-POSS1s-GEN older.brother-POSS3-ACC elder=uncle call-AOR-1s1 | father-POSS1s-GEN younger.brother-POSS3-ACC younger.uncle call-AOR-1s1 | father-POSS1s-GEN elder female sibling-POSS3-ACC elder.aunt-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | father-POSS1s-GEN young girl sibling-POSS3-ACC younger.aunt-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 The older brother of my father I call čoŋ aka (elder uncle), the younger maɫaka (younger uncle), the elder sister of my father I call jäñgä (elder aunt), his younger sister ökä (younger aunt). Den älteren Bruder meines Vaters nenne ich čoñ aka, den jüngeren maɫ' aka; die ältere Schwester meines Vaters nenne ich jäñgä, seine jüngere Schwester ökä.

Özümniñ čoñ qiz qerindešimni ägečim därmän; kičik qiz qerindešimni siñlim därmän. øzymniŋ ʧʰoŋ qʰiz qʰerindeʃimni ɛgeʧʰim dɛrmɛn kʰiʧʰikʰ qʰiz qʰerindeʃimni siŋlim dɛrmɛn öz-ym-ning chong qiz qérindésh-im-ni egéch-im de-r-men | kichik qiz qérindésh-im-ni singl-im de-r-men PN.REFL-POSS1s-GEN AJ N N-POSS1s-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | AJ N N-POSS1s-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 own-POSS1s-GEN elder girl sibling-POSS1s-ACC elder.sister-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | younger girl sibling-POSS1s-ACC younger.sister-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 My own older sister, I call ägeči (elder sister), but I call my younger sister siŋil (younger sister). Meine eigene ältere Schwester nenne ich ägeči, meine jüngere aber siñil.

Atamniñ aɣesiniñ inisiniñ baɫɫerini bir džämǟt därmän. atʰamniŋ aɣesiniŋ inisiniŋ baɫɫerini bir ʤɛmɛːtʰ dɛrmɛn ata-m-ning aghé-si-ning ini-si-ning bal-lér-i-ni bir jemeet de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-GEN N-POSS3-GEN N-PL-POSS3-ACC NU N Vt-AOR-1s1 father-POSS1s-GEN older.brother-POSS3-GEN younger.brother-POSS3-GEN child-PL-POSS3-ACC one kin call-AOR-1s1 The children of my father’s brothers I call džämǟt (kin). Die Kinder der Brüder meines Vaters nenne ich džämǟt (Gemeinschaft).

jemeet 'kin' (here), from 'community'

Aɣamniñ xotunini čoñ jäñgäm därmän; inimniñ xotunini padža därmän. aɣamniŋ χotʰunini ʧʰoŋ jɛŋgɛm dɛrmɛn inimniŋ χotʰunini pʰaʤa dɛrmɛn agha-m-ning xotun-i-ni chong=yengge-m de-r-men | ini-m-ning xotun-i-ni paja de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC AJ=N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-1s1 elder.brother-POSS1s-GEN wife-POSS3-ACC elder=aunt-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | younger.brother-POSS1s-GEN wife-POSS3-ACC padža call-AOR-1s1 To my older brother's wife, I say čon jäñgä (elder aunt); to my younger brother's wife, paja (younger aunt). Zur Frau meines älteren Bruders sage ich čoñ jäñgä (eigentl. Großtante); zu der meines jüngeren Bruders padža.

Čoñ qiz qerindešimniñ erini küj'oɣuɫ därmän; kičik qiz qerindešimniñ erini kičik küj'oɣuɫ därmän. ʧʰoŋ qʰiz qʰerindeʃimniŋ erini kʰyjoɣuɫ dɛrmɛn kʰiʧʰikʰ qʰiz qʰerindeʃimniŋ erini kʰiʧʰikʰ#kʰyjoɣuɫ dɛrmɛn chong qiz qérindésh-im-ning ér-i-ni küyoghul de-r-men | kichik qiz qérindésh-im-ning ér-i-ni kichik#küyoghul de-r-men AJ N N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-1s1 | AJ N N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC AJ#N Vt-AOR-1s1 elder girl sibling-POSS1s-GEN husband-POSS3-ACC son.in.law call-AOR-1s1 | younger girl sibling-POSS1s-GEN husband-POSS3-ACC young#son.in.law call-AOR-1s1 My older sister’s husband I call küyoghul (son-in-law), my younger sister’s husband I call kičik küyoghul (younger son-in-law). Den Mann meiner älteren Schwester nenne ich küj' oɣuɫ (eigentl. Schwiegersohn); den meiner jüngeren Schwester kičik küj'oɣuɫ.

Öz xotunumniñ aɣesini qud'aɣa därmän; öz xotunimniñ inisini qud'ini därmän. øz χotʰunumniŋ aɣesini qʰudaɣa dɛrmɛn øz χotʰunimniŋ inisini qʰudini dɛrmɛn öz xotun-um-ning aghé-si-ni quda=gha de-r-men | öz xotun-im-ning ini-si-ni qudi=ni de-r-men PN.REFL N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N=N Vt-AOR-1s1 | PN.REFL N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N=N Vt-AOR-1s1 own wife-POSS1s-GEN older.brother-POSS3-ACC in.law=elder.brother call-AOR-1s1 | own wife-POSS1s-GEN younger.brother-POSS3-ACC in.law=younger.brother call-AOR-1s1 My own wife’s older brother I call qudagha (elder-brother-in-law); her younger brother I call qudini (younger brother in-law). Der ältere Bruder meiner eigenen Frau heißt qud' aɣa; ihr jüngerer Bruder qud'ini.

Xotunumniñ atesini qejin ata därmän, anesini qejin ana därmän. χotʰunumniŋ atʰesini qʰejin atʰa dɛrmɛn anesini qʰejin ana dɛrmɛn xotun-um-ning até-si-ni qéyin=ata de-r-men | ané-si-ni qéyin=ana de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N=N Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS3-ACC N=N Vt-AOR-1s1 wife-POSS1s-GEN father-POSS3-ACC in.law=father call-AOR-1s1 | mother-POSS3-ACC in.law=mother call-AOR-1s1 To my wife's father I say qejin ata (father-in-law); her mother I say qejin ana (mother-in-law). Zum Vater meiner Frau sage ich qejin ata (Schwiegervater), zu ihrer Mutter qejin ana.

Xotunumniñ čoñ qiz qerindešini uruq qujaš därmän, kičik qiz-qerindešini padža siñil, kičik padža därmän. χotʰunumniŋ ʧʰoŋ qʰiz qʰerindeʃini uruqʰ qʰujaʃ dɛrmɛn kʰiʧʰikʰ qʰiz qʰerindeʃini pʰaʤa siŋil | kʰiʧʰikʰ pʰaʤa dɛrmɛn xotun-um-ning chong qiz qérindésh-i-ni uruqquyash de-r-men | kichik qiz qérindésh-i-ni paja=singil | kichik=paja de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN AJ N N-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-1s1 | AJ N N-POSS3-ACC N=N | AJ=N Vt-AOR-1s1 wife-POSS1s-GEN elder girl sibling-POSS3-ACC elder.sister.in.law call-AOR-1s1 | younger girl sibling-POSS3-ACC sibling.in.law=younger.sister | younger=sibling.in.law call-AOR-1s1 My wife’s older sister I call uruqqujaš (elder sister-in-law), her younger sister padža siŋil (younger sister-in-law), or kičik padža. Die ältere Schwester meiner Frau nenne ich uruq qujaš, ihre jüngere Schwester padža siñil oder kičik padža.

Aɣamniñ inimniñ baɫɫerini män qerindešim baɫɫeri därmän; oɫar meni akam där. aɣamniŋ inimniŋ baɫɫerini mɛn qʰerindeʃim baɫɫeri dɛrmɛn oɫar meni akʰam dɛr agha-m-ning ini-m-ning bal-lér-i-ni men qérindésh-im=bal-lér-i de-r-men | olar méni aka-m de-r-0 N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS1s-GEN N-PL-POSS3-ACC PN1s N-POSS1s=N-PL-POSS3 Vt-AOR-1s1 | PN3p PN1s.ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-3p older.brother-POSS1s-GEN younger.brother-POSS1s-GEN child-PL-POSS3-ACC I sibling-POSS1s=child-PL-POSS3 call-AOR-1s1 | they PN1s.ACC elder.brother-POSS1s call-AOR-3p My brothers’ children I call qerindeshim balleri (sibling-children), they call me aka (elder brother). Die Kinder meiner Brüder nenne ich Geschwisterkinder, diese aber mich aka.

Meniñ atam ölüp, anam ärgä täksä, šu ärni ügäj atam därmän; anam ölüp, atam xotun aɫsa, šu xotunni män ügäj anam därmän. meniŋ atʰam ølypʰ anam ɛrgɛ tʰɛkʰsɛ ʃu ɛrni ygɛj atʰam dɛrmɛn anam ølypʰ atʰam χotʰun aɫsa ʃu χotʰunni mɛn ygɛj anam dɛrmɛn méning ata-m öl-üp | ana-m er-ge tek-se | shu er-ni ügey=ata-m de-r-men | ana-m öl-üp | ata-m xotun al-sa | shu xotun-ni men ügey=ana-m de-r-men PN1s.GEN N-POSS1s Vi-CNV | N-POSS1s N-DAT Vi-COND | DEM N-ACC N=N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s Vi-CNV | N-POSS1s N Vt-COND | DEM N-ACC PN1s N=N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 my father-POSS1s die-CNV | mother-POSS1s man-DAT marry.a.man-COND | this man-ACC step.relation=father-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | mother-POSS1s die-CNV | father-POSS1s wife take-COND | this wife-ACC I step.relation=mother-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 If my father dies, and my mother remarries, I say ügäj atam (stepfather) to this man; conversely, if my mother were to die and my father remarries, I would call his wife ügey anam (stepmother). Stirbt mein Vater, und heiratet meine Mutter (wieder), so sage ich zu diesem Mann Stiefvater; umgekehrt, wenn mein Vater nach dem Tod der Mutter wieder heiratet, zu dessen Frau Stiefmutter.

Bir är kišiniñ xotuni ölüp jeñi xotun aɫsa, šu xotun baɫɫerini ügäj baɫa där; bir xotun kišiniñ eri ölüp özi böläk ärgä täksä, šu är eniñ baɫɫerini häm ügäj baɫa där. bir ɛr kʰiʃiniŋ χotʰuni ølypʰ jeŋi χotʰun aɫsa ʃu χotʰun baɫɫerini ygɛj baɫa dɛr bir χotʰun kʰiʃiniŋ eri ølypʰ øzi bølɛkʰ ɛrgɛ tʰɛkʰsɛ ʃu ɛr eniŋ baɫɫerini hɛm ygɛj baɫa dɛr bir er#kishi-ning xotun-i öl-üp yéngi xotun al-sa | shu xotun bal-lér-i-ni ügey=bala de-r | bir xotun#kishi-ning ér-i öl-yp öz-i bölek er-ge tek-se | shu er éning bal-lér-i-ni hem ügey=bala de-r-0 NU N#N-GEN N-POSS3 Vi-CNV AJ N Vt-COND | DEM N N-PL-POSS3-ACC N#N Vt-AOR | NU N=N-GEN N-POSS3 Vi-CNV PN.REFL-POSS3 AJ N-DAT Vt-COND | DEM N PN3s.GEN N-PL-POSS3-ACC AV N=N Vt-AOR-3s a man#person-GEN wife-POSS3 die-CNV new wife take-COND | this wife child-PL-POSS3-ACC step.relation=child call-AOR | that.very woman#person-GEN husband-POSS3 die-CNV herself-POSS3 another husband-DAT marry.a.man-COND | that.very man her child-PL-POSS3-ACC also step.relation=child call-AOR-3s If a man’s wife dies and he remarries, these women's children are ügey bala (step-children), they are also called ügey bala if a woman's husband dies and she remarries. Stirbt die Frau eines Mannes und heiratet er wieder, so sind die Kinder dieser Frau Stiefkinder; genau so, wenn einer Frau der Mann stirbt.

Kičik qiz baɫeni nā-resīdä därlär; kičik oɣuɫ baɫeni häm nā-resīdä därlär. kʰiʧʰikʰ qʰiz baɫeni naːresiːdɛ dɛrlɛr kʰiʧʰikʰ oɣuɫ baɫeni hɛm naːresiːdɛ dɛrlɛr kichik qiz balé-ni naarésiide de-r-ler | kichik oghul balé-ni hem naarésiide de-r-ler AJ N N-ACC AJ Vt-AOR-3p2 | AJ N N-ACC AV AJ Vt-AOR-3p2 little girl child-ACC immature call-AOR-3p2 | small boy child-ACC also immature call-AOR-3p2 The little girls and boys are called na-resīdä (immature). Die kleinen Mädchen und Jungen nennt man nā-resīdä (unreif).

naarésiːde 'unripe, not grown up child' (IV:167:20+n.3, IV:179:24), per. naariside (Jarring 1964:205)

Čoñ qizni böklük där, čoñ oɣuɫni jigit där. ʧʰoŋ qʰizni bøkʰlykʰ dɛr | ʧʰoŋ oɣuɫni jigitʰ dɛr chong qiz-ni böklyk de-r-0 | chong oghul-ni yigit de-r-0 AJ N-ACC N Vt-AOR-3s | AJ N-ACC N Vt-AOR-3s adult girl-ACC grown.girl call-AOR-3s | adult boy-ACC young.man call-AOR-3s An adult girl called böklük (grown girl), a grown boy, a jigit (young man). Ein erwachsenes Mädel heißt böklük, ein erwachsener Junge jigit.

böklük from bök- 'to kneel' (?) (Menges guesses: börklük 'wearing a hat')

 Qiz ärgä täksä, qizni džuɣan där; oɣuɫ xotun aɫsa, oɣuɫni öjläñgän där. qʰiz ɛrgɛ tʰɛkʰsɛ qʰizni ʤuɣan dɛr oɣuɫ χotʰun aɫsa oɣuɫni øjlɛŋgɛn dɛr qiz er-ge tek-se | qiz-ni jughan de-r | oghul xotun al-sa | oghul-ni öylengen de-r-0 N N-DAT Vi-COND | N-ACC N Vt-AOR | N N Vt-COND | N-ACC N Vt-AOR-3s girl man-DAT marry.a.man-COND | girl-ACC mature.woman call-AOR | boy wife marry.a.woman-COND | boy-ACC married.man call-AOR-3s When a girl marries a man, she is called džuɣan (mature woman); when a boy marries a woman, he is called øjlɛŋgɛn (married man, lit. 'housed'). Heiratet ein Mädchen, so nennt man es džuɣan; nimmt ein Sohn eine Frau, so nennt man diesen »behaust«.

øjlɛngɛn 'married', from öylen- 'to be housed'.

 Xotunniñ eri ölsä, xotun tuɫ boɫadŏ; är kišiniñ xotuni ölsä, šu ärni bojtaq därlär, häm tuɫ däjdŏ. χotʰunniŋ eri ølsɛ χotʰun tʰuɫ boɫadʊ ɛr kʰiʃiniŋ χotʰuni ølsɛ ʃu ɛrni bojtʰaqʰ dɛrlɛr hɛm tʰuɫ dɛjdʊ xotun-ning ér-i öl-se | xotun tul bol-a-du | er#kishi-ning xotun-i öl-se | shu er-ni boytaq de-r-ler hem tul de-y-du N-GEN N-POSS3 Vi-COND | N AJ Vi-PRS-3s1 | N#N-GEN N-POSS3 Vi-COND | DEM N-ACC N Vt-AOR-3p2 CONJ AJ Vt-PRS-3s1 wife-GEN husband-POSS3 die-COND | wife widow become-PRS-3s1 | man#person-GEN wife-POSS3 die-COND | that.very man-ACC bachelor call-AOR-3p2 and widower call-PRS-3s1 If a woman’s husband dies, she is thereby a called tul (widow); if the wife of a man dies, we call this man bojtaq or tuɫ (widower). Stirbt der Mann einer Frau, so wird sie hiermit tuɫ (Witwe); stirbt die Frau eines Mannes, so nennt man diesen Mann bojtaq oder auch tuɫ.

bojtaq 'bachelor, single man; widower'

 Tuqqan xotunni džuɣan däjmiz, tuq-maɣan xotunni čȫkän däjmiz. tʰuqqʰan χotʰunni ʤuɣan dɛjmiz tʰuqʰ maɣan χotʰunni ʧʰøːkʰɛn dɛjmiz tuq-qan xotun-ni jughan de-y-miz | tuq-ma-ghan xotun-ni chöːken de-y-miz Vt-PRTC.PST.RZR N-ACC N Vt-PRS-1p1 | Vt-NEG-PRTC.PST.RZR N-ACC N Vt-PRS-1p1 give.birth-PRTC.PST.RZR woman-ACC mature.woman call-PRS-1p1 | give.birth-NEG-PRTC.PST.RZR woman-ACC married.childless.woman call-PRS-1p1 A woman who has already had a child is called džuɣan (mature woman), but one who has not yet had children is called čȫkän. Eine Frau, die schon geboren hat, heißt džuɣan, die aber noch kein Kind hat, čȫkän.

Baɫesiz kišini tilläsä, qisir däjdŏ; tillämäsä, tuɣmas däjdŏ. baɫesiz kʰiʃini tʰillɛsɛ qʰisir dɛjdʊ tʰillɛmɛsɛ tʰuɣmas dɛjdʊ balésiz kishi-ni tille-se | qisir de-y-du | tille-me-se tughmas de-y-du AJ N-ACC Vt-COND | N Vt-PRS-3s1 | Vt-NEG-COND A Vt-PRS-3s1 childless person-ACC curse-COND | infertile.person say-PRS-3s1 | curse-NEG-COND barren say-PRS-3s1 If one wishes to curse a childless woman, one calls her qisir (sterile), otherwise one says she is barren. Will man eine kinderlose Frau schimpfen, so nennt man sie qisir (steril); sonst sagt man tuɣmas (nicht gebärende).

qisir 'infertile, sterile creature (usually animal)'| tughmas 'infertile, barren'.

Ikki kišiniñ ješi bir boɫsa, oɫar bir birini täñ tüš där. ikkʰi kʰiʃiniŋ jeʃi bir boɫ-sa | oɫar bir birini tʰɛŋ tʰyʃ dɛr ikki kishi-ning yésh-i bir bol-sa | olar birbir-i-ni tengtysh de-r-0 NU N-GEN N-POSS3 NU Vi-COND | PN3p PN.RECP-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-3p two person-GEN age-POSS3 one be-COND | they one.another-POSS3-ACC same.aged.cohort call-AOR-3p If two people the same age, then they call each other täñ-tüš (same-aged). Sind zwei Leute gleichalterig, dann nennen sie einander täñ-tüš.

tʰɛŋtʰyʃ 'cohort, same age'

 Eti bir boɫsa, ikki adäm bir birini adaš där. etʰi bir boɫsa ikkʰi adɛm bir birini adaʃ dɛr ét-i bir bol-sa | ikki adem birbir-i-ni adash de-r-0 N-POSS N Vi-COND | NU N PN.RECP-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR-3p name-POSS3 one be-COND | two person one.another-POSS3-ACC friend call-AOR-3p If they have the same name, then they are called adaš (friends). Haben sie denselben Namen, dann heißen sie adaš.

Atamniñ atesini dadam, anesini anam därmän. atʰamniŋ atʰesini dadam anesini anam dɛrmɛn ata-m-ning até-si-ni dada-m | ané-si-ni ana-m de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s | N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 father-POSS1s-GEN father-POSS3-ACC father-POSS1s | mother-POSS3-ACC mother-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 The father of my father I call dada, his mother, ana. Den Vater meines Vaters nenne ich dada, seine Mutter ana.

dada MDU. 'father', but heremention grandfather (father's father) which is same in Turkish.

Dadamniñ atesini babam, anesini mamam därmän. dadamniŋ atʰesini babam anesini mamam dɛrmɛn dada-m-ning até-si-ni baba-m | ané-si-ni mama-m de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s | N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 father-POSS1s-GEN father-POSS3-ACC baba-POSS1s | mother-POSS3-ACC mama-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 The father of my grandfather (dada) I call baba, and his mother I call mama. Den Vater meines Großvaters (dada) nenne ich baba, dessen Mutter mama.

Apamniñ atesini dadam, anesini anam därmän. apʰamniŋ atʰesini dadam anesini anam dɛrmɛn apa-m-ning até-si-ni dada-m | ané-si-ni ana-m de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s | N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 mother-POSS1s-GEN father-POSS3-ACC dad-POSS1s | mother-POSS3-ACC mom-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 The father of my mother (apa) I call dada (dad), her mother, I call ana (mom). Den Vater meiner Mutter (apa!) heiße ich dada, ihre Mutter ana.

Qizniñ qiz čaɣda čeči hämmesi jätti taɫ boɫur; ärgä täksä, bäš taɫ boɫur, eni čȫkän där; birni tuqsa, čečini ikki qiɫur, eni džuɣan där; nauāda tuɣmas boɫsa, čečini qačan ikki qiɫɣanda, džuɣan där. qʰizniŋ qʰiz ʧʰaɣda ʧʰeʧʰi hɛmmesi jɛtʰtʰi tʰaɫ boɫur ɛrgɛ tʰɛkʰsɛ bɛʃ tʰaɫ boɫur eni ʧʰøːkʰɛn dɛr birni tʰuqʰsa ʧʰeʧʰini ikkʰi qʰiɫur eni ʤuɣan dɛr nauaːda tʰuɣmas boɫsa ʧʰeʧʰini qʰaʧʰan ikkʰi qʰiɫɣanda ʤuɣan dɛr qiz-ning qiz chagh-da chéch-i hemmé-si yetti tal bol-ur | er-ge tek-se | besh tal bol-ur é-ni chöːken de-r | bir-ni tuq-sa | chéch-i-ni ikki qil-ur | é-ni jughan de-r | nauaada tughmas bol-sa chéch-i-ni qachan ikki qil-ghan-da jughan de-r N-GEN N N-LOC N-POSS3 QNT-POSS3 NU N Vi-AOR | N-DAT Vt-COND | NU N Vi-AOR PN3s-ACC N Vt-AOR | NU-ACC Vi-COND | N-POSS3-ACC NU Vt-AOR | PN3s-ACC N Vt-AOR | CONJ.SUB AJ Vi-COND N-POSS3-ACC PN.INTER NU Vt-PRTC.PST-ISTN N Vt-AOR girl-GEN girl time-LOC hair-POSS3 all-POSS3 seven braid be-AOR | man-DAT marry-COND | five braid be-AOR it-ACC young.lady call-AOR | one-ACC give.birth-COND | hair-POSS3-ACC two do-AOR | it-ACC džuɣan call-AOR | if sterility be-COND hair-POSS3-ACC when two do-PRTC.PST-ISTN young.woman call-AOR As long as they are girls, all girls wear their hair in seven braids; when they get married, then in five braids; such a (married childless girl) is called čȫkän. If she has given birth to a child, she wears her hair in two braids only; this means she is a džuɣan. But if she has no child, (married girls) are also called džuɣan, when they put their hair in two braids. Die Mädchen tragen, solange sie Mädchen sind, ihr ganzes Haar in sieben Zöpfen, heiraten sie, dann in fünf; eine solche nennt man čȫkän. Hat sie ein Kind geboren, dann trägt sie ihr Haar nur noch in zwei Zöpfen; diese heißt džuɣan. Wenn sie aber kein Kind bekommt, nennt man sie auch džuɣan, wenn sie ihr Haar in zwei Zöpfe legt.

Qizniñ čečini kökülä där; čȫkänniñ čečini sumbuɫ čač där; džuɣanniñ čečini jañɣaq čač häm därlär, sekiläk čač häm därlär. qʰizniŋ ʧʰeʧʰini kʰøkʰylɛ dɛr ʧʰøːkʰɛnniŋ ʧʰeʧʰini sumbuɫ ʧʰaʧʰ dɛr ʤuɣanniŋ ʧʰeʧʰini jaŋɣaqʰ ʧʰaʧʰ hɛm dɛrlɛr sekʰilɛkʰ ʧʰaʧʰ hɛm dɛrlɛr qiz-ning chéch-i-ni kökyle de-r | chöːken-ning chéch-i-ni sumbul chach de-r | jughan-ning chéch-i-ni yangghaq chach hem de-r-ler | sékilek chach hem de-r-ler N-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N Vt-AOR | N-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N N Vt-AOR | N-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N N CONJ Vt-AOR-3p2 | N N CONJ Vt-AOR-3p2 girl-GEN hair-POSS3-ACC kökülä call-AOR | young.married.girl-GEN hair-POSS3-ACC sumbuɫ hair call-AOR | mother!-GEN hair-POSS3-ACC jañɣaq hair or call-AOR-3p2 | sekiläk hair or call-AOR-3p2 The girl’s hair is called kökülä; that of a young married girl is called sumbuɫ čač ("hyacynth hair"); that of a woman who already has one child, jañɣaq čač or sekiläk čač. Das Haar der Mädchen heißt kökülä, das einer Jungverheirateten sumbuɫ čač (»Hyazinthhaar«), das einer Frau, die schon ein Kind hat, jañɣaq čač sowie sekiläk čač.

Qeri ärkäkni baba, qeri xotunni mama där. qʰeri ɛrkʰɛkʰni baba qʰeri χotʰunni mama dɛr qéri erkek-ni baba | qéri xotun-ni mama de-r-0 AJ N-ACC N | AJ N-ACC N Vt-AOR-3s old man-ACC grandpa | old woman-ACC grandma call-AOR-3s An old man is called baba (grandpa), an old woman, mama (granny). Einen alten Mann nennt man baba, eine alte Frau mama.

Bizniñ ärkäktär xotunni on bäš jaštin atmiš jašqača aɫadŏ. bizniŋ ɛrkʰɛktʰɛr χotʰunni on bɛʃ jaʃtʰin atʰmiʃ jaʃqʰaʧʰa aɫadʊ biz-ning erkek-ter xotun-ni onbesh yash-tin atmish yash=qacha al-a-du PN1p-GEN N-PL N-ACC NU N-ABL NU N=LIM Vt-PRS-3s1 1pPN-GEN man-PL wife-ACC fifteen years.old-ABL sixty years.old=LIM marry.a.woman-PRS-3s1 Our men marry between the ages of 15 and 60 years old. Unsere Männer heiraten zwischen 15 und 60 Jahren.

Qiz ärgä on ikki jašta baradŏ; baɫeni on bäš jašɫiq boɫɣan mǟlda tuɣadŏ. qʰiz ɛrgɛ on ikkʰi jaʃtʰa baradʊ baɫeni on bɛʃ jaʃɫiqʰ boɫɣan mɛːlda tʰuɣadʊ qiz er-ge onikki yash-ta bar-a-du | balé-ni onbesh yashliq bol-ghan meel-da tugh-a-du N N-DAT NU N-LOC Vi-PRS-3s1 | N-ACC NU N Vi-PRTC.PST.RZR N-LOC Vt-PRS-3s1 girl man-DAT twelve years.old-LOC go-PRS-3s1 | child-ACC fifteen years.old be-PRTC.PST.RZR time-LOC give.birth-PRS-3s1 A girl gets married at age 12; she gives birth to a child at about fifteen years of age. Ein Mädchen heiratet mit 12 Jahren; ein Kind gebiert sie ungefähr mit 15 Jahren.

meel 'abode, place, time, opportunity' arb maxal, Kash. hehell~mell!mahall; kechqurun janedughan mehellde 'at nightfall, when you return home', bemahall 'ill-timed, without giving notice' (Jarring 1964:160)

Älliktin ötkändä xotun baɫa tapmajdŏ. ɛlliktʰin øtʰkʰɛndɛ χotʰun baɫa tʰapʰmajdʊ ellik-tin öt-ken-de xotun bala tap-ma-y-du NU-ABL Vi-PRTC.PST-ISTN N N Vt-NEG-PRS-3s1 fifty-ABL pass-PRTC.PST-ISTN woman child get-NEG-PRS-3s1 After fifty, women have no more children. Nach 50 bekommen die Frauen keine Kinder mehr.

Bizniñ bajɫar toquz xotun aɫsa, durust. bizniŋ bajɫar tʰoqʰuz χotʰun aɫsa durustʰ biz-ning bay-lar toquz xotun al-sa | durust PN1p-GEN N-PL NU N Vt-COND | AJ we-GEN rich.man-PL nine wife marry-COND | correct If our rich people (landlords) marry nine women, that's quite all right. Wenn unsere Reichen (Grundbesitzer) neun Frauen heiraten, so ist das ganz in der Ordnung.

Čoñ xotunni, äggälkisini, öj beši däjdŏ. ʧʰoŋ χotʰunni ɛggɛlkʰisini øj beʃi dɛjdʊ chong xotun-ni | eggelki-si-ni | öy#bésh-i de-y-du AJ N-ACC | AJ-POSS3-ACC | N#N-POSS3 Vt-PRS-3s1 senior wife-ACC | first-POSS3-ACC | house#head-POSS3 call-PRS-3s1 The main wife, namely the first wife, is called öj beši (head of the house)(by her husband). Die angesehenste Frau, nämlich die erste, nennt (der Mann) Oberhaupt des Hauses.

Xotun näčä ärgä täksä, tägädŏ, hisābi joq. χotʰun nɛʧʰɛ ɛrgɛ tʰɛkʰsɛ tʰɛgɛdʊ hisaːbi joqʰ xotun neche er-ge tek-se teg-e-du | hisaab-i yoq N PN.INDEF N-DAT Vt-COND Vt-PRS-3s1 | N-POSS3 EXIST.NEG woman however.many man-DAT marry.a.man-COND marry.a.man-PRS-3s1 | count-POSS3 EXIST.NEG Women can marry however many men they want, without limit. Wieviel Frauen nur immer einen Mann heiraten wollen, können ihn heiraten, ohne Zahl.

Oɣɫumniñ qizimniñ baɫesini män näüräm därmän; näürämniñ baɫesini äüräm därmän; äürämniñ baɫesini köki näüräm därmän. oɣɫumniŋ qʰizimniŋ baɫesini mɛn nɛwrɛm dɛrmɛn nɛwrɛmniŋ baɫesini ɛwrɛm dɛrmɛn ɛwrɛmniŋ baɫesini kʰøkʰi nɛwrɛm dɛrmɛn oghl-um-ning qiz-im-ning balé-si-ni men newre-m de-r-men | newre-m-ning balé-si-ni ewre-m de-r-men | ewre-m-ning balé-si-ni kökinewre-m de-r-men N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC PN1s N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 | N-POSS1s-GEN N-POSS3-ACC N-POSS1s Vt-AOR-1s1 son-POSS1s-GEN daughter-POSS1s-GEN child-POSS3-ACC I grandchild-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | grandchild-POSS1s-GEN child-POSS3-ACC great.grandchild-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 | äürä-POSS1s-GEN child-POSS3-ACC great.great.grandchild-POSS1s call-AOR-1s1 The children of my sons and daughters I call näürä, the children of my näürä (grandchild) are called äürä (great-grandchild). Their children I call köki näürä (great-great grandchild). Die Kinder meiner Söhne und Töchter nenne ich näürä, die Kinder der näürä heißen äürä. Deren Kinder nenne ich köki näürä (Ururenkel).

näürä 'grandchild' | äürä 'great grandchild' | köki näürä 'great-great-grandchild'